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NUMBER 557 27
pi. 9: figs. 1-3 [synonymy]; 199la: 17, pi. 6: figs, g-i.—Austin, 1985:81.—
Bythell, 1986:16-17, pi. 8: figs. A-D.—Kozloff, 1987:72.
Desmophyllum cumingii Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a:254, pi. 7: fig. 11.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum ceratoid, often flaring at calice
(trumpet-shaped), attached through a robust pedicel 20%-40%
that of GCD. Largest North Pacific specimen (USNM 83583)
60 x 40 mm in calicular diameter and 50 mm in height, with a
pedicel diameter of 20 mm. Calice circular, elliptical, or
scalloped. Theca uniformly covered with small low granules;
costae rarely expressed, but occasionally C:_3 are present in
upper half of corallum as thin ridges. Corallum light brown or
grey.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 to 6 cycles according to the
formula: S1_2>S3»S4>S5>S6. Fourth cycle (48 septa) attained
at a calicular diameter of about 7 mm and fifth cycle at a
calicular diameter of about 18 mm; a complete sixth cycle (192
septa) is often present in Japanese specimens. S:_2 extremely
robust, up to 2 mm thick at thecal edge, and up to 11 mm exsert.
S^_2 have straight, vertical inner edges that define a deep,
narrow fossa, the inner edges of opposing SU2 sometimes
almost touching in center of fossa. S3 also highly exsert, but
narrower—only 80%-90% width of S^_2. S4 much smaller
than S3 (50%-70% width) and least exsert of the septal cycles.
S5 only about half width of S4, but highly exsert, rising well
above S4 and often becoming incorporated into adjacent S^_3
in large coralla. Septal faces smooth, covered with small, fine,
rounded granules. Fossa deep and slender. Columella usually
absent but may consist of up to 5 slender fascicular or papillose
elements, usually hidden from view in an intact corallum.
DISCUSSION.—Specimens from the northeastern Pacific tend
to have five cycles of thick septa, occasionally with pairs of S6.
Japanese specimens tend to have a full sixth cycle, typifying the
typical form originally described by Esper and the form
identified as D. dianthus by Yabe and Eguchi (1942b).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-2946, 8,
USNM 19249; Alb-2978, 1, USNM 83536; Alb-2984, 1,
USNM 92477; Alb-2987, 4, USNM 19202 and 19250;
Alb-3170, 1, USNM 83537; Alb-4359, 1, USNM 92476;
Alb-4912, 3, USNM M547422; R/V Washington, 32°25.78'N,
127°47.4'W (Fieberling Seamount), 440-488 m, 4, USNM
83583; Cobb Seamount, 312 m, 2, USNM 78630; off Santa
Barbara, 64-80 m, 2, CAS 74903; Eel Canyon, 366 m, 5, CAS
74910; Carmel Bay, 183 m, 1, CAS 80926; Monterey Bay,
91-110 m, 2, CAS 15647 and 16309; La Jolla Canyon, 33 m,
1, SIO Co 1265; 32°46'N, 117°22.8'W, 183 m, 8, SIO Co 1193;
32°46.5'N, 1 lS^O.S'W, 505 m, 2, SIO Co 1276; east of South
Point, Guadelupe, 274 m, 3, SIO Co 1333; off Point Loma, 229
m, 10, SIO Co 945; TM (KT7802,Z61), 1, IOM; Enoshima,
Sagami Bay, 9, USNM 92612; 32°21'N, 128°41'E, 179-201 m,
2, ZMC; 32°21'N, 128°39'E, 274-366 m, 5, ZMC. Previous
Records: Neotype of D. dianthus; holotype of D. cristagalli;
specimens reported by Marenzeller (1904b) from Alb-3384 and
3401 (USNM); specimens reported by Durham (1947) from
Alb-4370,4373, 4376,4377 (USNM).
TYPES.—Although we may never know the identity of
Esper's D. dianthus from the "East Indies" because the type is
lost and the description is brief, it nonetheless must be
considered as the type species of the genus (see above).
Because it is the type species of Desmophyllum, it is
appropriate to designate a neotype (Plate 9a,b) for the species,
herein deignated as a specimen from Sagami Bay, depth
unknown (USNM 92475).
The holotype of D. cristagalli is deposited at the MNHNP
and illustrated by Cairns (1979, pi. 21: figs. 7, 8). Type
Locality: Gulf of Gascogne, depth unknown.
The type of D. cumingii has not been traced. Type
Locality: "Pacific coast of South America," depth unknown.
DISTRIBUTION.—Northeast Pacific: Vancouver Island, British
Columbia (Austin, 1985); Cobb Seamont, Washington to
off San Diego, including Channel Isalnds, Cordell Bank, and
Fieberling Seamount; Isla de Guadelupe, Mexico; Gulf of
California (Parker, 1964); Gulf of Panama (Marenzeller,
1904b); Cocos and Galapagos Islands (Cairns, 1991a); 33-
1097 m. Off Japan: Sagami Bay to Kii Strait, Honshu; off
Shikoku; off Koshiki Island, southwest Kyushu; 77-715 m.
Elsewhere: Cosmopolitan except for off continental Antarctica
and northern boreal Pacific; 35-2460 m (Cairns, 1982).
Common on seamounts, guyots, and deep-water coral banks
associated with framework building species (Cairns and
Stanley, 1982).
Lophelia Milne Edwards and Haime, 1849
DIAGNOSIS.—Colonial, forming large dendroid colonies by
intratentacular budding. Coenosteum dense; costae poorly
developed. Pali absent; columella rudimentary. Sparse tabular
endothecal dissepiments present. Azooxanthellate.
TYPE SPECIES.—Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766 (= L.
pertusa L., 1758), by subsequent designation (Milne Edwards
and Haime, 185Oa:xx).
Lophelia pertusa (Linnaeus, 1758)
PLATE 9e-i
Madrepora pertusa Linnaeus, 1758:797.
Madrepora prolifera Pallas, 1766:307.
Lophelia californica Durham, 1947:36, pi. 1: figs. 13, 16; pi. 2: fig.
11.—Bythell. 1986:18, pi. 10: figs. A-E — Kozloff, 1987:72.—Cairns,
1991a:17.
Dendrosmilia nomlandi Durham and Barnard, 1952:85, pi. 10: fig. 47.—
Caims, 1979:126.—Bythell, 1986:16, pi. 10: fig. F; 1991a:18.
Lophelia prolifera.—Cairns, 1979:125-127, pi. 24: figs. 1-5 [synonymy];
1982:30-31, pi. 9: fig. 6; 1991a:17-18, pi. 6: fig. j.
Lophelia pertusa.—Zibrowius, 1980:126-130, pi. 66: figs. A-L [synonymy].
Description of northeastern Pacific Specimens.-Colonies up
to 25 x 12 cm in size (Bythell, 1986), achieved by profuse
intratentacular budding. Up to 8 corallites may bud from the
perimeter of a single corallite (Plate 9/), which ultimately
produces a very dense, sometimes anastomotic, colony.