PDF (Hi-Res) - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

82
inner edge being dentate to laciniate along its full margin. In
larger coralla (Plate 35e) containing pairs of S5, the S3 extend
to the columella and S4 are short septa, each S4 flanked by a
pair of S5 arranged in the Pourtales Plan, the S5 adjacent to the
S^_2 (not the S3) being the predominant septum. In these
coralla the paired S5 either fuse before the S4 or extend
independently (but closely parallel) to the columella. Their
inner edges are highly dentate. Fossa deep, containing a large,
elliptical columella flat to slightly convex in shape, composed
of numerous, interconnected papillose elements, sometimes
arranged in a swirled fashion.
DISCUSSION.—The seven lots of specimens reported herein
are conspecific and appear to be the four species reported by
Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) as: B. affinis Semper, 1872; B.
diomedae Vaughan, 1907; B. imperialis Kent, 1871; and B.
cumingii Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848b. Balanophyllia
affinis (junior synonym of B. stimpsonii (Verrill, 1865), see
Zibrowius, 1985) differs in having a free, unattached corallum.
Likewise, it is not B. diomedeae, a conclusion I reached earlier
(Cairns, 1984) after comparing Yabe and Eguchi's specimens
to the types of B. diomedeae. B. imperialis differs in having a
larger, more robust corallum; having a curved corallum; and
having a smaller pedicel. The identification with B. cumingii is
consistent with the original description of that species;
however, for a definitive identification the type would have to
be examined. The most distinctive characteristics of B.
cumingii are its regular dentition of its septal edges and its
relatively large columella.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-3720, 1,
USNM 92884; Alb-3764, 1, USNM 22062; Alb-4944, 1,
USNM 92885; TM (KT9015, CB1-2), 7, USNM 92886; TM
(KT9015, CB-2-2), 1, ORI; TM (KT9015, HK2), 1, USNM
92887; Okinose, Sagami Bay, 183 m, Mortensen's 1914 Pacific
Expedition, 15 June 1914, 1, ZMC. Previous Records: B.
diomedae of Yabe and Eguchi (1942b): Soyo Maru-244, 1,
TIUS 59027; Soyo Maru-266, 1, TIUS 29026; B. cf. cumingii
of Yabe and Eguchi (1942b), Soyo Maru-429, 3, TIUS 58990
and 1, TIUS 58236).
TYPES.—The holotype of B. cumingii is presumed to be
deposited at the MNHNP. Type Locality: Philippines, depth
unknown.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami and Suruga Bays, Honshu;
Eastern Channel off southwestern Honshu; off southern
Kyushu; Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan, Honshu; 65-307 m.
Elsewhere: Philippines.
Balanophyllia cornu Moseley, 1881
PLATE 35/-/
Balanopkyllia cornu Moseley, 1881:192-193, pi. 12: figs. 11-15.
?Balanophyllia cf. hawaiiensis.—Eguchi, 1934:368.—Yabe and Eguchi,
1942b: 142, pi. 12: fig. 20.
?Balanophyllia ponderosa.—Eguchi, 1968:C54 [in part: pi. C12: figs. 15-17].
DESCRIPTION (based on specimen from Formosa Strait, CAS
74991).—Corallum trochoid: 24.0 x 18.6 mm in calicular
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
diameter and 34 mm in height, with a slender pedicel 4.5 mm
in diameter (only 18% of GCD). Corallum regularly curved.
Costae variable in width, alternating between 0.3 and 0.6 mm;
intercostal striae narrow, about 0.05 mm wide. Costae flat and
very finely granular. Synapticulotheca porous and white, the
edge zone extending only 6-9 mm from calicular edge, below
which corallum is epithecate but free from encrustation.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 complete cycles. S1 slightly
wider and have thicker inner edges than S2. S^ 1.2-1.5 mm
exsert and have straight, vertical, smooth inner edges that
extend to the columella, the inner edges of the 4 lateral S!
actually constricting the columella into 3 lobes. S3 only about
0.8 mm exsert and two-thirds width of an S^, also having
straight and entire inner edges. S4_5 arranged in a Pourtales
Plan, the S4 being only slightly exsert and about two-thirds
width of an S3. S5 adjacent to S.,_2 fused to those septa at
calicular edge. Inner edges of S5 curve toward each other, each
pair fusing before their adjacent S4, these 2 combined S5 within
each half-system uniting before the S3 near the columella. S5
adjacent to S3 equal to or only slightly wider and as exsert as
adjacent S3, but S5 adjacent to S1-2 are the predominant S5,
being much more exsert and extending to the columella. Inner
edges of S4_5 also smooth, without teeth or laciniation. Fossa
of moderate depth, containing an elongate, solid (not porous)
columella composed of tightly fused, twisted laths.
DISCUSSION.—The South China Sea specimen described
above differs from the syntypes in having a larger corallum (5
mm larger in GCD) and consequently more septa (96 vs 72 for
the largest syntype). It also has a proportionately smaller
pedicel, the PD:GCD being only 0.18 for the South China Sea
specimen, but 0.41-0.46 for the syntypes.
The specimen figured as B. cf. hawaiiensis by Yabe and
Eguchi (1942b) (TIUS 58994) could not be found in the TIUS
collections in 1980 and is presumed to be lost. From its
illustration it would appear to be B. cornu (see Cairns,
1984:26).
Balanophyllia cornu is similar to B. imperialis Kent, 1871
(type locality: Singapore) in growth form, size, and number and
arrangement of septa. However, B. imperialis differs in having
laciniate inner edges on S5, a much deeper fossa, and an even
smaller pedicel diameter (PD:GCD of holotype = 0.09).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Alb-5311, 3, USNM 92879; Alb-
5313,11, USNM 92880; TM (KT9015, BS2), 3, USNM 92881,
2, ORI; Formosa Strait, South China Sea, 60 m, Feb. 1972, 1,
CAS 74991. Previous Records: Syntypes of B. cornu.
Reference Specimens: Holotype of B. imperialis, BM
1984.4.27.3.
TYPES.—Four syntypes (Plate 35/,/) of B. cornu are
deposited at the BM (1880.11.25.143). Type Locality: Challenger-\92:
5°42'S, 132°25'E (Kei I., Banda Sea), 236 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—North Pacific: Bungo Strait; ?Sagami Bay,
Honshu (B. ponderosa of Eguchi, 1968); ?Amakusa Islands, off
Kyushu (B. hawaiiensis of Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b); Formosa
Strait and north of Pratas Islands, South China Sea; 60-274 m.