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DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Bay to Izu Bay, Honshu;
Osumi Shoto, northern Ryukyu Islands; Kagoshima Bay and
off Amakusa Island, Kyushu; off Mishima, Eastern Channel,
Korea Strait; 15-366 m. Elsewhere: Moluccas; Arabian Sea
and Bay of Bengal; 161-71509 m.
Moseley's (1881) specimen from 1509 m is correctly
identified but clearly was dead when dredged. It seems unlikely
that C. axillaris would occur at such a great depth. Likewise,
although the identity of Alcock's (1898) record from 810 m has
not been verified, it would also seem to be too deep for this
species based on all other known records.
Family ANTHEMIPHYLLIIDAE
Anthemiphyllia Pourtales, 1878
DIAGNOSIS.—Solitary, patellate or discoidal, and free.
Septotheca thick: porcellaneous or costate. Septal edges lobate
to laciniate. Pali absent; colurnella papillose.
TYPE SPECIES.—Anthemiphyllia patera Pourtales, 1878, by
monotypy.
Anthemiphyllia dentata (Alcock, 1902)
PLATE \id-f
Discotrochus dentatus Alcock, 1902a: 104; 19O2c:27, pi. 4: figs. 26, 26a.—
Yabe and Eguchi, 1932b:443; 1937a: 143-145, pi. 20: fig. 15a-c.
?Discothrochus [sic] sp.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1937:145-146.
Anthemiphyllia dentata.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 128-129.—Eguchi,
1968:C29-30, pi. C6: figs. 12-21.—Not Cairns, 1984:11 [= undescribed
species].—Best and Hoeksema, 1987:398-399, fig. 9a-c.—Cairns and
Parker, 1992:16-17. fig. 4e,f [synonymy].—Caims and Keller, 1993:233,
fig. 3E.
Anthemiphyllia dentatus.—Eguchi. 1965:285. 2 figs.
?Anthemiphyllia sp..—Eguchi, 1968:C30-31, pi. C9: figs. 13. 14.
Deltocyathus andamanicus.—Keller, 1982:52 [in part: pi. 1 [= 4]: figs. 3, 4).
DISCUSSION.—Anthemiphyllia dentata is a widespread species
known from the western Indian Ocean to off Japan, the
latter being the northernmost range for the species. It has been
widely reported (Yabe and Eguchi, 1937, 1942b) from off
southern Japan from moderate depths (50-499 m). The three
specimens reported herein (1 fossil, 1 badly preserved, and 1
juvenile) do not add to the previous descriptions of the species
given by Alcock (1902a) and Cairns and Parker (1992), and the
fine illustrations published by Yabe and Eguchi (1937) and
Eguchi (1968). Anthemiphyllia dentata is distinguished from
the three other Recent species in the genus by attaining a fifth
cycle of septa at a relatively small calicular diameter, ultimately
attaining a large (up to 27 mm) calicular diameter, and in
having finely dentate to laciniate septal margins.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Pleistocene:
USGS 17455 (south of Tomari, Okinawa, Shimijin marl), 2
fragments, USNM 88435; Recent: Alb-5094, 1, USNM
92667; TM (KT9202, OS3), 1, ORI.
TYPES.—Seven syntypes of D. dentatus are deposited at the
ZMA (Coel. 716-718) (van Soest, 1979). Type Local-
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
ity: Sibof>a stations 95, 98, 100 (Sulu Sea), 350-522 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Pleistocene of Ryukyu Islands off Kikaijima
and Okinawa. Recent: Japan: southeastern Honshu from
Sagami Bay to Kii Strait; off eastern Shikoku and southern
Kyushu; Sea of Japan, Oki Strait; 50-499 m. Elsewhere:
Sulu Sea (Alcock, 1902a), Philippines (Keller, 1982),
Banda Sea (Best and Hoeksema, 1987), southern Australia
(Cairns and Parker, 1992), Maldives, Arabian Sea, Saya de
Malha; 75-560 m.
Anthemiphyllia frustum, sp. nov.
PLATES l&g-i, \9a,b
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum tympanoid or frustum-shaped,
with a flat base and a low, slightly inwardly curved theca
resulting in a basal diameter slightly larger than that of calice.
Holotype 9.94 mm in basal diameter, 8.96 mm in calicular
diameter, and 4.71 mm in height. Costae equal in width
(0.5-0.7 mm at edge of base), relatively flat, and separated by
quite narrow (0.02-0.05 mm), shallow intercostal striae.
Costae finely granular, 5 or 6 small (0.05 mm in diameter)
rounded granules occurring across the width of a costae near
corallum edge. Corallum white or reddish brown.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles (48 septa)
in all specimens examined. S1 bear 5 or 6 massive triangular
teeth, each tooth up to 1 mm in height and 0.9 mm in width, the
innermost tooth being directly adjacent to columella. S2 similar
to S1 in construction, but their teeth not quite as tall. Both S1
and S2 quite robust and closely spaced, measuring about 0.5
mm in thickness at calicular edge and separated by only about
0.1 mm. S3 support 4 or 5 tall, triangular teeth, each tooth up to
0.5 mm wide, but not quite as tall as those of the S-i_2- S4 bear
5 or 6 triangular teeth, which decrease in width toward
columella. S3_4 about 0.35 mm in thickness. Each pair of S4
within a half-system unites before its adjacent S3 near the
columella in a common triangular septal tooth about 0.2 mm
wide. Orientation of faces of septal teeth is parallel to that of
septal faces. All septal faces coarsely granular, except for tips
of large septal teeth, which are smooth. Columella papillose,
composed of 10-15 massive, rounded, finely granular papillae.
DISCUSSION.—Anthemiphyllia frustum is readily distinguished
from A. patera Pourtales, 1878; A. dentata (Alcock,
1902); and A. pacifica Vaughan, 1907, by: its frustum-shaped
corallum (the other three species are bowl-shaped); its
limitation to 48 septa (the other species have some or all of the
fifth cycle); and its massive septal teeth, the faces of which are
parallel to the septal plane, not perpendicular as in the other
three species. Anthemiphyllia frustum is most similar to A.
pacifica Vaughan, 1907, particularly in having the same
number of septa, the same orientation and number of septal
teeth per septum, and approximately the same corallum size.
Anthemiphyllia pacifica differs significantly, however, in
corallum shape (bowl-shaped), having much smaller S4 in
relation to its S3, having broader intercostal and interseptal