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ABSTRACT Cairns, Stephen D. Scleractinia of the Temperate North Pacific. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, number 557, 150 pages, 3 figures, 42 plates, 5 tables, 1994.—The 119 species of temperate North Pacific azooxanthellate Scleractinia are described or diagnosed in two separate accounts: the 25 species known to occur in the temperate northeastern Pacific and the 102 species known to occur in the temperate northwestern Pacific, there being only eight species in common. Three genera, six species, and one subspecies are described as new; nine new combinations are suggested; and 28 new records for the northern temperate regions are reported. A neotype for Desmophyllum dianthus (Esper, 1794) is designated. A dichotomous key to the temperate northeastern Pacific Scleractinia is provided, as well as a key to the seven species of northwestern Pacific Truncatoflabellum. Separate historical resumes are discussed and tabularized for the northeastern and northwestern temperate faunas. The study is based on new material from a variety of sources, but primarily from the cruises of the Albatross (USNM) and the R/V Tansei Mam (ORI), and the collections of the California Academy of Sciences, Royal British Columbia Museum, and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The region covered in this account extends from Bahia Magdalena on the Pacific coast of Baja California to Formosa Strait, off China, including two warm temperate provinces (California and Japan) and four cold temperate provinces (Oregon, Aleutian, Oriental, and Kurile). The most species-rich temperate region is the warm temperate northwestern Pacific Japan Province, which contains 92 azooxanthellate species. This province is directly adjacent to the even more species-rich Indo-West Pacific tropical region from which it receives many tropical and eurythermic tropical species via the warm, northerly flowing Kuroshio Current. Azooxanthellate species diversity decreases with higher latitude: 106 species occur in the combined warm temperate North Pacific provinces, 37 in the lower boreal provinces (Oregon and Oriental), and only 14 species occur in the combined upper boreal provinces (Aleutian and Kurile). The northernmost record of a scleractinian coral in the North Pacific is Caryophyllia arnoldi from Prince William Sound (60°48'N) in the Aleutian Province. This province also holds the record for the deepest living scleractinian coral, Fungiacyathus marenzelleri, at 6328 m in the Aleutian Trench. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution's annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: The coral Montastrea cavernosa (Linnaeus). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Dala Cairns, Stephen Scleractinia of the temperate North Pacific / Stephen D. Cairns p. cm.—(Smithsonian contributions to zoology ; no. 557 Includes bibliographical references (p. ). 1. Scleractinia—North Pacific Ocean. I. Series. QLl.S54no. 557 [QL377.C7] 591 s-dc20 [59.V.5] 94-32147 CIP 'S> The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials Z39.48—1984.
Contents Page Introduction 1 Abbreviations 1 Acknowledgments 2 Historical Resumes 2 Temperate Northeastern Pacific 2 Temperate Northwestern Pacific 3 Material 6 Methods 6 Zoogeography 8 Temperate Northeastern Pacific 8 Temperate Northwestern Pacific 12 Comparisons 12 Systematic Account 13 Part 1: Temperate Northeastern Pacific 13 Key to the 25 Species of Temperate Northeastern Pacific Scleractinia 13 Suborder FUNGIINA 14 Superfamily FUNGIOIDEA 14 Family FUNGIACYATHIDAE 14 Fungiacyathus Sars, 1872 14 Subgenus Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) Moseley, 1881 14 Fungiacyathus (B.) marenzelleri (Vaughan, 1906) 15 Family MlCRABACHDAE 16 Leptopenus Moseley, 1881 16 Leptopenus discus Moseley, 1881 16 Suborder FAVIINA 17 Superfamily FAVIOIDEA 17 Family RHIZANGIIDAE 17 Astrangia Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848 17 Astrangia haimei Verrill, 1866 17 Family OCULINIDAE 18 Oculina Lamarck, 1816 18 Oculina profunda Cairns, 1991 18 Madrepora Linnaeus, 1758 18 Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 18 Suborder CARYOPHYLLIINA 19 Superfamily CARYOPHYLLIOIDEA 19 Family CARYOPHYLLIIDAE 19 Caryophyllia Lamarck, 1816 19 Subgenus Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) Lamarck, 1816 19 Caryophyllia (C.) arnoldi Vaughan, 1900 19 Caryophyllia (C.) alaskensis Vaughan, 1941 20 Caryophyllia (C.) sp. A 21 Labyrinthocyathus Caims, 1979 21 Labyrinthocyathus quaylei (Durham, 1947) 21 Crispatotrochus Tenison Woods, 1879 22 Crispatotrochus foxi (Durham and Barnard, 1952) 22 in
Page 1 and 2: Scleractinia of the Temperate North
Page 3: S M I T H S O N I A N C O N T R I B
Page 7 and 8: NUMBER 557 Stephanophyllia Michelin
Page 9: NUMBER 557 vii Flabellum (U.) apert
Page 12 and 13: D:H Ratio of calicular diameter to
Page 14 and 15: SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOG
Page 16 and 17: (1834:354) as Dendrophyllia semiram
Page 18 and 19: Zoogeography I. Northeastern Pacifi
Page 20 and 21: 10 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
Page 30 and 31: 20 Vaughan, 1903. Caryophyllia cali
Page 32 and 33: 22 MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records
Page 34 and 35: 24 USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 1
Page 36 and 37: 26 TYPE SPECIES.—Nomlandia califo
Page 38 and 39: 28 Corallites ceratoid, often sligh
Page 40 and 41: 30 Scotia to Burdwood Bank (Cairns,
Page 42 and 43: 32 2 prototheca secondary eDitheca
Page 44 and 45: 34 0-293 m (Durham, 1947), with one
Page 46 and 47: 36 height or diameter. Extratentacu
Page 48 and 49: 38 closely spaced carinae; and a lo
Page 50 and 51: 40 ratio and a more solid base, wit
Page 52 and 53: 42 MATERIAL EXAMINED.^WW Records: T
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44 DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Sagami Ba
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46 in 4 complete cycles according t
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48 and 15-19 pali) thus appears to
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50 an S3 and have slightly sinuous
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52 Paracyathus pruinosus Alcock, 19
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54 shallow, containing an elliptica
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56 separated from its septum by a r
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58 mm in calicular diameter and 22.
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60 A. matricidus by its broader and
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62 TYPE SPECIES.—Phyllangia ameri
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64 Septa hexamerally arranged in 3
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66 with that species (Cairns, 1989a
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68 Tropidocyathus pilots (Alcock, 1
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70 vermiformis is easily distinguis
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72 38-41 mm; seventh cycle graduall
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74 figs. 2, 3.—Kikuchi, 1968:8—
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76 TruncatoflabeUum spheniscus (Dan
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78 crests or spurs (not spines) occ
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80 Theca marked by thin (0.05 mm wi
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82 inner edge being dentate to laci
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84 Balanophyllia sp. A PLATE 40/ Ba
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86 BalanophyIlia fistula—Yabe and
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88 gracilis (Milne Edwards and Haim
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90 shape. Colony obviously dead whe
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92 6.0-6.5 x 4.0-4.5 mm in diameter
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94 (38354). Type Locality: La Paz,
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96 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
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98 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOO
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Abe, N. 1939. [Ecological Studies o
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102 Marine Biology, 71:223-231, 9 f
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104 Nishimura, S., and K. Susuki 19
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106 1935. Notes on Some Turbinolian
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Plates 1-42
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110 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZO
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