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closely spaced carinae; and a low, arched peripheral marginal
shelf about 1.5 mm wide. Seven or eight synapticulae occur
along an S1f the largest being the fourth or fifth from the
columella. S2 consist of 2 or 3 inner spines, a broad paliform
lobe, an intermediate septal lobe of 11 or 12 trabeculae, and a
peripheral marginal shelf. S3 have a broad internal paliform
lobe, a small septal lobe composed of 5-8 trabeculae, and a
marginal shelf. S4 consist of only a small septal lobe of 4 or 5
trabeculae and a small marginal shelf. S5 exist only in the
marginal shelf region and are not lobate or spinose. All septa
planar, with straight septal edges. Columella rudimentary to
absent.
DISCUSSION.—Fungiacyathus paliferus is easily distinguished
from the two other Japanese congeners having five
cycles of septa by having granular costae; a small, relatively
robust corallum; and a tendency to asexually fragment into
semi-circular fragments. Bathymetrically, it is the shallowest of
the three species.
As noted in a previous publication (Cairns, 1989a),
Bathyactis kikaiensis is undoubtedly a junior synonym of F.
paliferus, but the types of this species were not available for the
confirmation of the synonymy.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: TM (KT9015,
BS1), 1, USNM 92634; TM (9015, BS2), 4, USNM 92635; TM
(KT9015, CB1-2), 4, USNM 92636; TM (9015, CB1-1), 1,
USNM 92637; TM (KT9015, HK5), 4, ORI; TM (KT9015,
OKI), 2, USNM 92638; TM (KT9015, OK2), 1, USNM 92639;
TM (KT9202, OS2), fragments, USNM 92640; TM (KT9202,
OS3), 1, USNM 92641; TM (KT9202, YS1), 4, USNM 92642;
TM (KT9209, AM6), 1, ORI. Previous Records: Soyu
Maru-412, 1, TIUS 58913 (B. palifera of Yabe and Eguchi,
1942b); Soyu Maru-259, 1, TIUS 58948 (F. symmetrica of
Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b); Soyu Afaru-283, 1, TIUS 58950 (F.
symmetrica of Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b); syntypes of B.
palifera, 3, ZMA.
TYPES.—Three syntypes of Bathyactis palifera are deposited
at the ZMA, collected at Siboga-153 (Coel. 1171) (van Soest,
1979). Type Localities: Siboga stations 98 and 153: Sulu Sea
and off the Moluccas, 143-350 m.
One hundred ten syntypes of B. kikaiensis are deposited at
the TIUS, the measurements of three of which are given in the
text. Two catalog numbers were given to this lot by Yabe and
Eguchi: 50236 (pages 155-156 and plate caption) and 50097
(pages 138, 173). The earlier number was also assigned to the
type of Stephanophyllia japonica, which might imply that
50097 is the correct number. Type Locality: Plio-Pleistocene
of the Ryukyu Limestone of Kakai-jima, Kagoshima-ken.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Suruga Bay, Honshu; off Shikoku
and Bungo Strait; off southern Kyushu; East China Sea off
Danjo Gunto; off Mi Shima, Korea Strait; Oki Strait, Sea of
Japan; northern Tokara Retto and off Amami Oshima, Ryukyu
Islands; 70-364 m. Elsewhere: Pleistocene of Vanuatu and
Ryukyu Islands; Recent: Philippines, Indonesia, Great Australian
Bight, Reunion; 75-522 m (Cairns, 1989a: 10).
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Fungiacyathus (F.) sp. A
PLATE 14/-/I
Fungiacyathus palifera [sic].—Keller, 1976:33-34, pi. 1: figs. 1, 2.
DIAGNOSIS.—Two specimens of Keller's (1976) F. palifera
were examined, both from Vityaz-2209, including her figured
specimen, which is 35.7 mm in calicular diameter and 6.0 mm
in height and missing 2 systems of its corallum. Its base is flat
and thin, bearing 5 cycles of sinuous, nongranular costal ridges.
Five full cycles of septa are present (96 septa). All septa planar
and have straight inner edges, each Su2 bearing 20-23 low,
closely spaced trabecular carinae. Large, porous canopies occur
at S3_4 and S4_5 junctions. Eight to nine synapticulae occur per
Sv the outermost being the most highly developed. Columella
4.5 mm in diameter, circular, and quite spongy.
DISCUSSION.—The specimen described above is distinguished
from F. paliferus by having a much larger corallum,
lacking paliform lobes, and having ridged (not rounded or
granular) costae. It is actually more similar to F. stephanus than
F. paliferus, especially in corallum size and fragility, but differs
in having relatively low and straight (noncorrugated) septa, no
marginal shelf or paliform lobes, and very spongy columellar
and canopy regions. It differs from F. fragilis Sars, 1872, in
having planar septa and spongy canopies and columella.
Fungiacyathus sp. A is bathymetrically and geographically
distinct from the two other Japanese species that have five
cycles of septa in being by far the deepest of the three and the
most northerly in distribution.
Despite the distinctness of Fungiacyathus sp. A, until
additional specimens are collected and examined, a formal
description is postponed.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Vityaz-2209, 1, IOM, and 1 central
disc, USNM 92643 (Plate 14/-/i).
DISTRIBUTION.—Off eastern Kurile Islands bordering Kurile
Trench; 3175-4110 m. Keller's (1976) mapping of Vityaz-
5603 and V7ryaz-5635 off the Aleutian Islands and off Honshu,
respectively, are mistaken, the coordinates of all three of her
stations being off the Kurile Islands.
Subgenus Fungiacyathus (Bathyactis) Moseley, 1881
DIAGNOSIS.—See Part 1.
Fungiacyathus (B.) marenzelleri (Vaughan, 1906b)
Account.—See Part 1.
Fungiacyathus (B.) variegatus Cairns, 1989
PLATE I5a,b
Fungiacyathus (B.) variegatus Cairns, 1989a: II-12, pi. 5: figs, a-h
[synonymy].
DIAGNOSIS.—The largest Japanese specimen (Alb-4911) is a
slightly worn corallum 9.0 mm in calicular diameter, probably