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in 4 complete cycles according to the formula: S1_2>S3»S4.
S^ only slightly exsert and have straight, vertical inner edges
that do not attain the columella. S3 about three-fourths width of
S^ and have slightly sinuous inner edges. S4 rudimentary,
only about one-third width of S3, and have irregular to lacerate
inner edges. Twelve broad lamellar pali occur in a crown before
the S3, each palus almost as wide as its adjacent S3 and having
only moderately sinuous inner edges. Fossa of moderate depth,
containing a columella of 5 slender, twisted elements.
DISCUSSION.—Although the specimens reported herein, as
well as those reported by Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) and
Utinomi (1965), are similar to typical C. scobinosa, they are
consistently different in several characters. The Japanese
specimens have much smaller S4 in relation to their S3; in
typical C. scobinosa the S4 are equal to or wider than the S3.
Also, the Japanese specimens have less exsert septa and a
narrower, less curved corallum. They may represent an extreme
variation for the species at its northern limit, or, perhaps, a
separate species.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-4972,1, CAS
74994; TM (KT7911, OT4), 3, USNM 92680. Previous
Records: Syntypes of C. scobinosa, ZMA.
TYPES.—Six syntypes (Plate 20a,b) of C. scobinosa are
deposited at the ZMA (Coel. 574, 575Xsee van Soest, 1979).
Type Localities: Siboga stations 45 and 102: Celebes and
Sulu Seas, 535-794 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Japan: Suruga Bay and Kii Strait, Honshu;
off eastern Shikoku; East China Sea off southwestern Kyushu;
Tokara Retto, northern Ryukyu Islands; 119-805 m. Elsewhere
(as C. scobinosa): Philippines, Sulu Sea, Celebes,
southwestern Indian Ocean; 535-960 m.
Caryophyllia (C.) quadragenaria Alcock, 1902
PLATES 20C -h,4\c4
Caryophyllia quadragenaria Alcock, 1902a:9I-92; 1902c:10, pi. 1: figs. 4,
4a.—Cairns, 1991a:12.
Caryophyllia scobinosa.—Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 119 [in part: pi. 10: fig.
5a,b].
Caryophyllia scobinosa decapali Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 120, 149, pi. 10:
figs. 6. 7.—Eguchi. 1968:C33-34.—Eguchi and Miyawaki, 1975:56 —
Cairns. 1991a:12.
Caryophyllia decapali.—Grygier, 1983:420.—Zibrowius and Grygier,
1985:120. figs. 10, 11.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum ceratoid to subcylindrical, straight
to slightly curved, and attached by a rather narrow pedicel
(PD:GCD = 0.16-0.33). Largest specimen examined (paratype
of C. scobinosa decapali, Soyo Maru-222) 12.2 x 10.3 mm in
calicular diameter and 21.8 mm in height, with a slender
pedicel diameter of 1.39 mm. Costae equal in width (about 0.5
mm), flat, and covered with large, low, rounded granules, 2-3
across the width of a costa. Intercostal striae shallow and
narrow. Corallum white to light brown. Calicular margin
serrate, each primary septum along with its fused adjacent pair
of tertiary septa projecting as a thecal extension.
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
Septa decamerally arranged in 3 size classes: 10:10:20 (40
septa). Primary septa highly exsert (up to 1.8 mm) and have
vertical, slightly sinuous inner edges that do not reach the
columella. Secondary septa least exsert (about 0.7 mm), about
three-quarters width of primaries, and have extremely sinuous
inner edges. Tertiary septa about 1.0 mm exsert and have
moderately sinuous inner edges, the upper outer edge of each
S3 fused to its adjacent primary septum. Width of tertiary septa
variable, usually equal to or wider than the secondaries, but in
some specimens only one-third to one-half width of secondaries.
A crown of 10 broad (1.3 mm wide), very sinuous P2
tightly encircle the elongate columella, the latter composed of
4-8 broad, twisted elements.
DISCUSSION.—Among the approximately 60 species of
Recent Caryophyllia, only seven have decameral septal
symmetry (Cairns, 1991a, table 3). In their original diagnosis of
C. scobinosa decapali, Yabe and Eguchi (1942b) noted the
extreme resemblance of their Japanese subspecies to C.
quadragenaria, according to them the latter differing only in its
attachment by a "cylindrical stalk." In fact, both the Japanese
C. decapali and C. quadragenaria are attached by narrow
pedicels, and comparison of syntypes of C. quadragenaria to
Japanese specimens show no differences, and therefore C.
decapali is synonymized with C. quadragenaria.
The character of the relative widths of the last (tertiaries) and
penultimate cycle (secondaries) of septa can usually be used as
a species level character, but in C. quadragenaria the tertiaries
may be wider or considerably less wide than the secondaries.
For instance, the smallest and largest syntypes of C. quadragenaria
(Siboga-90, 289) have tertiaries larger than secondaries,
whereas the tertiaries of the syntype from Siboga-251 are only
one-third the width of a secondary. And, in the lot of 8
specimens from TM (KT9202, OS2), most specimens have
broad tertiaries, but several have tertiaries less broad than the
secondaries.
The specimen from Soyo Maru-220, identified by Yabe and
Eguchi (1942b) as C. scobinosa, is identical to specimens in the
type series of C. decapali, but has 48 septa and 12 pali. It is
either an aberrant specimen or indicative that the species may
have either 10 or 12 pali (40 or 48 septa).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-3707, 1,
USNM 92670; TM (KT7811, OT6), 1, USNM 92671; TM
(KT9015, CB1-2), 4, ORI; TM (KT9202, OS2), 8, USNM
92672; TM (KT9309, AM8), 1, USNM 93162,2, ORI; Sagami
Bay, 110 m, 11 June 1914, Mortensen's Pacific Expedition, 1,
ZMC; 32°10'N, 128°20'E, 183 m, 23 May 1898, 1, ZMC.
Previous Records: Two syntypes of C. quadragenaria
{Siboga-90, 251); holotype and 6 paratypes of C. scobinosa
decapali, Soyo Maru-222, TIUS; C. scobinosa of Yabe and
Eguchi (1942b), Soyo Maru-220, TIUS 53634.
TYPES.—Two of the three syntypes of C. quadragenaria are
deposited at the ZMA: Siboga-90 (Coel. 5534) and Siboga-251
(Coel. 5529, Plate 20d,g). The third syntype from Siboga-2%9
is missing (Van Soest, 1979). The missing syntype was the