PDF (Hi-Res) - Smithsonian Institution Libraries

24
USNM 19207; Alb-3116, 24, USNM 19224; Alb-3124, 2,
USNM 19261; Alb-3158, 7, USNM 19229; Alb-3159, 4,
USNM 19200; Alb-3168, 2, USNM 92600; Alb-4431, 8,
USNM 92602; approximately 230 specimens from the Channel
Islands deposited at the CAS and cataloged as: 74827, 74911,
74800, 74826, 74824, 74825, 74804, 74801, 69608; 45
specimens from Monterey Bay: CAS 74813,74824,74822; off
Pacific Grove, 11, CAS 74821; Cordell Bank, 22, CAS 74830,
74835; off Huntington Beach, 2, CAS 74906; south of Carmel,
2, CAS 80904; 25 specimens from Channel Islands deposited at
SIO, cataloged as: Co 441, 1167, 1169; southwest of Cedros I.,
27 m, 1, SIO Co 1172; off La Jolla, 13, SIO Co 1164, 1186;
north side of Middle I., Coronado I., 15 m, SIO Co 1170;
27°0lX 114°16.5'W, 99-108 m, 1, SIO Co 1273; 72
specimens from off B. C. deposited at RBCM, cataloged as:
973-234-4, 973-235-5, 973-246-2, 973-231-2, 976-1043-3,
976-1078-2, 976-1163-60, 976-1077-3, 976-1037-1, 977-156-
14, 978-96-2, 980-329-25, 980-343-18, 984-417-2, 985-469-
73. Previous Records: Holotypes of P. stearnsii, P. caltha,
and P. tiburonensis; Skidgate, B. C, 25-90 m, 1, USNM 78624
(Durham, 1947). Reference Specimens: Holotype of P.
pedroensis, USNM Ml64738.
TYPES.—The holotype (Plate Id-f) of P. stearnsii is
deposited at the YPM (2187). It measures 17.9 x 12.9 mm in
calicular diameter and has 104 septa. Type Locality:
Monterey Bay, California, depth unknown.
The holotype (Plate 6/) of P. caltha is also deposited at the
YPM (965). It measures 11.5 x 8.2 mm in calicular diameter
and has 96 septa. Type Locality: Monterey Bay, California,
depth unknown.
The holotype (Plate 6h) of P. tiburonensis is deposited at the
UCMP (30485). It measures 9.3 x 8.0 mm in calicular diameter
and has 82 septa. Type Locality: Off Tiburon I., Gulf of
California, 73 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—From Skidgate, Queen Charlotte Islands
(Durham, 1947) to Bahfa Asuncion (27°01'N), Baja California
and Tiburon Island, Gulf of California (as P. tiburonensis);
20-134 m.
Paracyathus montereyensis Durham, 1947
PLATE lg-i
Paracyathus montereyensis Durham, 1947:34-35. pi. 2: figs. 10, 19.—Durham
and Barnard, 1952:11.—Austin, 1985.—Bythell, 1986:18.—Cairns et al.,
1991:47.
DESCRIPTION.—Holotype 6.03 mm in circular calicular
diameter and 8.4 mm in height, attached by a thick pedicel 4.6
mm in diameter that expands into a broad, thin base. Costae
coarsely granular and light brown in color. Septa decamerally
arranged in three cycles plus 3 pairs of quaternaries: 10:10:20:6
= 46 septa. Primary septa about 1 mm exsert and 1.6 mm wide,
with straight to slightly sinuous, vertical inner edges. Inner
edges of primaries separated by a narrow notch from slender
pali, each about 0.4 mm wide. Secondary septa less exsert and
SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY
about two-thirds width of primaries, each bordered internally
by a robust palus about 0.6 mm wide and greatly thickened on
its edge adjacent to the notch separating it from its corresponding
septum. In addition to being wider, these pali reach higher
in the fossa than the PI and are slightly recessed from the
columella, the 20 paliform lobes together forming two crowns
distinguished by size, height, thickness, and position. Three
sectors bear pairs of rudimentary quaternary septa. Within the
crowns of pali is a papillose columella composed of 12 slender
elements.
The larger specimen (Alb-2888, USNM 92604, Plate lg,h)
from off Oregon measures 11.1 x 9.7 mm in calicular diameter
and 12.8 mm im height and also is brownish in color. Its septa
are decamerally arranged in 3 cycles, with 1 additional pair of
quaternaries, for a total of only 42 septa.
DISCUSSION.—This rarely collected species was previously
known from only the three syntypes; one additional specimen
is reported herein. Paracyathus montereyensis differs from the
much more commonly collected P. stearnsii primarily in its
septal symmetry and its relatively fewer septa at a corresponding
calicular diameter. The septal symmetry of P. montereyensis
appears to be decameral, attaining and maintaining 40-46
septa at a GCD of 6 mm and above. The symmetry of P.
stearnsii is hexameral, a corallum 6 mm in calicular diameter
already having about 60 septa and a specimen 11 mm in
calicular diameter having a full fifth cycle (96 septa).
Associated with the lower number of septa, P. montereyensis
has only two palar crowns, not three or more as in P. stearnsii,
and its septa are thicker, yet less crowded than those of P.
stearnsii.
The Albatross specimen from off Oregon is quite similar to
the type of P. pedroensis Vaughan, 1903, known from the
Pleistocene of San Pedro, California, except that the symmetry
of P. pedroensis is hexameral, the holotype measuring 11.3 x
10.0 mm in calicular diameter and having 66 septa (Plate %h).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Record: Alb-2888, 1,
USNM 92604. Previous Records: Holotype of P. montereyensis.
Reference Specimen: Holotype (Plate 8/i) of P. pedroensis
Vaughan, 1903 (USNM Ml64738).
TYPES.—The holotype (Plate 7i) and two paratypes are
deposited at the UCMP (30341 and 30342-43, respectively).
Type Locality: Off Point Lopez, 17 mile drive, Monterey
Peninsula, California; 146 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Known only from off Monterey, California
and off Oregon Dunes, Oregon; 75-146 m.
Coenocyathus Milne Edwards and Haime, 1848a
DIAGNOSIS.—Like Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) but forming
colonies through extratentacular budding from a thick basal
coenosteum and occasionally from the theca of other corallites.
Exclusively azooxanthellate, occurring in relatively shallow
water.
TYPE SPECIES.—Coenocyathus cylindricus Milne Edwards