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NUMBER 557 85
48°-58°. Lateral edges meet at an acute angle and project
outward up to 3 mm as lateral edge crests. Crests usually
confined to lower half of corallum and are about 1 mm thick.
Up to 4 buds, none over 4 mm in GCD, have been observed to
grow from a thecal edge (Plate 37/), above the region of the
edge crest. Largest Japanese specimen examined (TM
(KT9015, BS1)) 15.3 x 11.0 mm in calicular diameter and 14.6
mm in height; however, the species can grow much larger, e.g.,
up to 39 mm in GCD (Cairns and Keller, 1993).
Septa hexamerally arranged in 5 incomplete cycles, the
fourth cycle usually complete at a GCD of 8-10 mm and a
specimen of 15 mm GCD having 72 septa. Larger (non
Japanese) specimens have a full complement of 5 cycles (96
septa). S1-2 equal in size, moderately exsert, and fairly thick
and porous near their upper edges; their inner edges are straight
and vertical, extending to the columella. S3 only about
one-third width of an S1 _2. Each pair of S4 within a half-system
unites before its adjacent S3 to form a small paliform lobe at the
junction. In larger coralla having a fifth cycle, pairs of S5 also
fuse before their adjacent S4, forming another crown of
paliform lobes. Fossa deep and narrow, containing a rudimentary,
spongy columella composed of slender, interconnected
papillae.
DISCUSSION.—Only one widely distributed Recent species
of Endopachys is acknowledged, most of the nominal species
having been synonymized by Umbgrove (1950); however,
there are at least five species known exclusively from fossils
(see Wells, 1975) dating from as early as the Eocene.
Endopachys is sometimes confused with Tropidocyathus, both
genera having the same shape, but the porous synapticulotheca
and Pourtales Plan easily distinguish Endopachys. Phylogenetically
Endopachys is closest to Balanophyllia, but is
distinguished by its compressed (cuneiform) corallum.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—New Records: Alb-2999, 6,
USNM 19221; Alb-5311, 24, USNM 92861; Alb-5312, 1,
USNM 92862; Alb-5313, 15, USNM 92863; Alb-5314, 2,
USNM 92864; Alb-5315, 1, USNM 92865; TM (KT9015,
BS1), 70, USNM 92866; TM (KT9015, BS2), 28, ORI; TM
(KT9015, CB1-2), 1, USNM 92867; TM (KT9015, HK2), I,
USNM 92868; TM (KT9202, OS3), 1, USNM 92869; 27.3N,
121.3E, 80-100 m, 1, CAS 74996; TM (KT9309, AM6), 1,
ORI; TM (KT9309, AM7), 3, ORI; USGS 17441, 17456,
17457, 17503, Pleistocene of Okinawa, 6, USNM 88661-
88665.
TYPES.—The holotype of E. grayi was not traced. Type
Locality: Unknown.
The description of E. japonicum was based on 47 specimens
(TIUS 41929) from the Plio-Pleistocene of Makuta-maru, Boso
Peninsula, Honshu (type locality) and 3 specimens (TIUS
41930) from the Pliocene Byoritsu Beds of Kanpouko, Taiwan.
The designation of a holotype from the Honshu lot was made
by Yabe and Eguchi (1932d) in the figure captions, and thus the
other 49 specimens should be considered as paratypes.
The holotype and three paratypes of E. vaughani are
deposited in the CAS Paleontology Museum (7839-7842). Two
additional paratypes are deposited at the UCMP (30199-
30200). Type Locality: Loc. 27584: 23°.3'N, lW^W (mouth
of Gulf of California), 27-402 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Northwest Pacific: Off Boso and Kii
Peninsulas; off Shikoku; off eastern Kyushu; Eastern Channel,
Korea Strait, off western Honshu; off Amami Oshima, Ryukyu
Islands; northern Formosa Strait, East China Sea; South China
Sea northeast of Pratas Islands. Pleistocene of Ryukyu Islands
and Honshu. Pliocene of Taiwan; 70-274 m. Elsewhere:
Widely distributed in Indo-Pacific from off South
Africa to the Gulf of California, including the Hawaiian
Islands; 37-274 m.
Eguchipsammia, gen. nov.
Dendrophyllia (Alcockia) Eguchi, 1968:C63 [junior homonym].
DIAGNOSIS.—Unattached, recumbent coralla formed
through sparse extratentacular (rarely intratentacular) budding
from a predominant axial corallite, only rarely with third
generation buds present on a colony. Synapticulothecate:
costate and/or epithecate. Septa arranged in a Pourtales Plan.
Pali absent; columella spongy.
TYPE SPECIES.—Dendrophyllia cornucopia Pourtales, 1871,
here designated.
DISCUSSION.—Six species are assigned to the genus
Eguchipsammia: E. gaditana (Duncan, 1873); E. cornucopia
(Pourtales, 1871); E. fistula (Alcock, 1902); E. serpentina
(Vaughan, 1907); E. oahensis (Vaughan, 1907); and E. wellsi
(Eguchi, 1968). The genus is characterized by having a free
(unattached), recumbent corallum with a variable number of
asexually generated buds attached to the theca. Because the
buds often become free of the parent corallum, these species are
not considered as a true Dendrophyllia, but because the buds
are temporarily part of the corallum, these taxa cannot be
considered as Balanophyllia. As Eguchi (1968) stated in his
discussion of the subgenus Alcockia, it "has intermediate
characters between Balanophyllia and Dendrophyllia." Because
the species of Eguchipsammia have a different reproductive
mode than either Balanophyllia of Dendrophyllia and
because they are free-living, which would also have ecological
consequences, a new genus is proposed.
ETYMOLOGY.—Eguchi (1968) was the first to suggest a
supraspecific name for those species having the abovementioned
characteristics, i.e., Alcockia, but that name was
preoccupied by Goode and Beane (1896) for a genus of fish.
The genus is thus renamed in honor of Motoki Eguchi
(1905-1978). Gender: feminine.
DISTRIBUTION.—Miocene (Caims and Wells, 1987) to
Recent. Living species circumtropical to warm temperate in
western Pacific; 34-960 m.
Eguchipsammia gaditana (Duncan, 1873), comb. nov.
Balanophyllia gaditana Duncan, 1873:333.
PLATE 37d-fji