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NUMBER 557 29
1 mm wide. S4 extend deep into fossa but S5 extend only
one-third distance down inner thecal wall.
DISCUSSION.—None of the 28 Recent species in the
nominate subgenus of Flabellum (see Cairns, 1989a:46) occur
in the eastern Pacific or boreal North Pacific; however, the
Alaskan specimens are most similar to several Antarctic-
Subantarctic species that have conical (not flabellate) coralla,
especially F. impensum Squires, 1962. Comparison of the
Alaskan specimens to ceratoid specimens of F. impensum of
equivalent size show them to be similar in shape, pedicel
diameter, theca, septal shape, and septal formula. The only
difference noted between the two was the slightly scalloped
calicular margin of the Alaskan specimens, the calice of F.
impensum being perfectly smooth. Flabellum impensum is
known only from the Antarctic and Antipodes Islands at a
depth range of 46-2260 m (Cairns, 1982).
Several specimens of an unnamed species belonging to this
subgenus (F. (F.) sp. A) were reported from the Galapagos
Islands at 441-717 m (Cairns, 1991a), but are easily
distinguished from the Alaskan specimens by their much
smaller size, smaller pedicel diameter, and fewer septa.
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—Alb-3315, 4, USNM 19226; Station
69RD3, 3, NMCIC 1982-1492. Reference Specimens:
Numerous specimens of F. impensum reported by
Cairns (1982).
DISTRIBUTION.—Aleutian Islands: Unalaska Bay, Fox Islands
and off Amchitka, Rat Islands; 55-507 m.
Javania Duncan, 1876
DIAGNOSIS.—Corallum solitary, ceratoid to trochoid, and
firmly attached by a stereome-reinforced pedicel and base;
transverse division lacking. Theca smooth. Septa usually
highly exsert; calicular edge scalloped. Fossa deep; pali
lacking, columella absent or rudimentary. Azooxanthellate.
TYPE SPECIES.—Javania insignis Duncan, 1876, by monotypy.
Javania cailleti (Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864)
PLATE \0g-i
Desmophyllum cailleti Duchassaing and Michelotti, 1864:66, pi. 8: fig. 11.
Desmophyllum eburneum Moseley, 1881:162, pi. 6: figs. 1, la,b.
Desmophyllum nobile Verrill, 1885:150-151.
Desmophyllum vitreum Alcock, 1898:20, pi. 2: figs. 2, 2a,b.
Desmophyllum galapagense Vaughan, 19O6b:63, pi. 1: figs. 1-lb.—Durham
and Barnard, 1952:11.—Durham. 1962:46; 1966:125.
Desmophyllum delicatum Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b: 115, 144, pi. 9: fig. 7a,b.
Javania delicata.—Zibrowius, 1974b: 18.
Javania cailleti—Cairns, 1979:153-156, pi. 28: figs. 8-12; pi. 30: figs. 1, 4
[synonymy and discussion]).—Zibrowius. 1980:157-159, pi. 82: figs. A-L
[synonymy and discussion].—Cairns, 1982:46-48, pi. 14: figs. 9-12;
1991a:21, pi. 8: figs, c-e.—Not Wells, 1983:238.
DESCRIPTION.—Corallum of large specimens ceratoid,
firmly attached, and distally flared (trumpet-shaped). One
figured specimen (Plate lOg) is 31 x 23 mm in calicular
diameter (estimated) and 29 mm in height, with a thick pedicel
7.5 mm in diameter. Pedicel diameter of a damaged specimen
from British Columbia 13.8 mm. Theca white, porcellaneous,
and smooth, except near calice where the theca overlaying the
S3 is flared outwards.
Septa hexamerally arranged in 4 complete cycles (48 septa)
according to the formula: S1_2>S3>S4. S1_2 usually highly
exsert (up to 4.5 mm in the British Columbia specimens) and
have straight inner edges that fuse lower in fossa as a solid,
rudimentary columella. S3 less exsert (about 2 mm above
calicular edge), about three-quarters width of S^g, and extend
deep into fossa but do not merge with columella. S4 nonexsert,
about one-third width of S3, and extend only about halfway
down inner thecal wall.
DISCUSSION.—Javania cailleti is distinguished from all but
one of the other nine species known in this genus (Cairns,
1989a) by having four, not three or five, cycles of septa. /.
pseudoalabastra Zibrowius, 1974b, known only from several
records in the Atlantic (Zibrowius, 1980), also has four cycles
of septa, but is easily distinguished by its elongate calice and
red-brown coenosteum. At least six names have been applied to
this species, which is not unusual for widely distributed species
that are collected and described from the various ocean basins.
Javania cailleti has been collected only rarely in the North
Pacific. It is known from only three specimens from two
localities in the Queen Charlotte Islands in the northeastern
Pacific, and likewise from only three specimens from two
localities off Japan (two of these specimens reported as
Desmophyllum delicatum by Yabe and Eguchi, 1942b).
MATERIAL EXAMINED.—-New Records: LM49,2, NMCIC
1900-8362; 67-41 GBR, 1, NMCIC 1982-1491; Alb-4982, 1,
USNM 92747. Previous Records: Types of D. eburneum, D.
nobile, and D. galapagense.
TYPES.—The holotype of D. cailleti appears to be lost
(Cairns 1979). Type Locality: Lesser Antilles, depth unknown.
Five syntypes of D. eburneum are deposited at the BM
(1880. 11.25.65). Type Locality: Challenger-3O6A: 48°27'S,
74^0^ (off southern Chile), 627 m.
The holotype of D. nobile is deposited at the USNM (7964).
Type Locality: 44°28'N, 57° 13*W (off Nova Scotia), 549 m.
Most of the syntypes of D. vitreum are deposited at the
Indian Museum, Calcutta, but five syntypes are also deposited
at the MNHNP, two at the ZMA (Coel. 1198), and two at the
MCZ. Type Locality: Investigator-232: 7°17'3O"N,
76°54'30"E (Laccadive Sea), 787 m.
The holotype of D. galapagense is deposited at the USNM
(68275). Type Locality: Alb-4642: 1°3O.5'S, 89°35'W
(Galapagos), 549 m.
The holotype of D. delicatum is deposited at the TIUS
(59131). Type Locality: Soyo Maru-22: 36°46'N, 141°30'E,
off Hitachi, Honshu), 539 m.
DISTRIBUTION.—Widespread (perhaps cosmopolitan): previously
reported from throughout Atlantic Ocean from Nova