handbook of carbon, graphite, diamond and fullerenes

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4.2 Chemical Properties Vitreous Carbon 133 In most cases, the chemical properties of vitreous carbon are similar to those of the graphite crystal, reviewed in Ch. 3, Sec. 7. Since the material has low permeability, is essentially non-porous and free of surface defects, and can be made with very low impurities, its resistance to chemical attack is generally excellent and is one of its outstanding characteristics. In many instances, it is far more chemically resistant than other forms of carbon, such as molded or pyrolytic graphites. The presence of impurities (ashes) is very critical. For instance, the rate of oxidation increases by approximately an order of magnitude when the amount of impurities increases by the same ratio, as shown in Fig. 6.7.E 7 ! Thisfigure also shows thatthe oxidation of vitreous carbon is much Iessthan that of molded graphite. Vitreous carbon does not react with nitric, sulfuric, hydrofluoric, and chromic acids. It is not attacked by halogens such as bromine, even at high temperatures, as opposed to other graphitic materials which are attacked rapidly.t 8 ' Its rate of reaction with various reagents is shown in Table 6.3. Temperature °C 800 750 700 650 600 a) Vitreous carbon,20 ppm impurities b) Vitreous carbon, 200 ppm impurities c) Fine-grain graphite d) Baked carbon Figure 6.7. Oxidation rate of vitreous carbon and other carbon products.t 7 '
134 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and Fullerenes Table 6.3. Reaction Rate of Vitreous Carbon with Various Reagents^ Reagent Steam Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide 10% Oxygen, 90% Argon 10% Hydrogen, 90% Argon Fused potassium bisulfate Fused boric oxide Fused caustic soda * Apparent surface 4.3 Shrinkage and Machining Temperature °C 570 - 580 1000 2500 2500 2500 500 580 320 Rate of weight loss (g/cm^hr)* 0.05 0.1-0.5 x10" 3 0.8 1.8 0.07 2.4 X10" 4
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HANDBOOK OF CARBON, GRAPHITE, DIAMO
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Contents 1 Introduction and General
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xii Contents 5.0 ELECTRICAL PROPERT
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xiv Contents 2.0 THE CVD OF PYROLYT
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xvi Contents 6.0 CERAMIC-MATRIX, CA
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xviii Contents 4.0 NATURAL AND HIGH
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xx Contents 2.0 STRUCTURE OF THE FU
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Preface ix technology, processes, e
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2 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and Fu
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10 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and F
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Synthetic Carbon and Graphite: Carb
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Page 137 and 138: Vitreous Carbon 1.0 GENERAL CONSIDE
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Page 181 and 182: 8 Carbon Fibers 1.0 GENERAL CONSIDE
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184 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and
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Applications of Carbon Fibers 1.0 C
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10 Natural Graphite, Graphite Powde
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11 Structure and Properties of Diam
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12 Natural and High-Pressure Synthe
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13 CVD Diamond 1.0 INTRODUCTION The
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15 The Fullerene Molecules 1.0 GENE
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Glossary Ablation: The removal of m
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Index Ablation 38 Absorption bands
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Copyright © 1993 by Noyes Publicat
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vi Series HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL VAPO
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