handbook of carbon, graphite, diamond and fullerenes

Graphite Structure and Properties 65
Table 3.7. General Chemical Resistance of Graphite
Resistance to
Chemical Chemical Attack
Acids and Acid Solutions
• Mineral, non-oxidizing (HCI, HCN, H3PO4, HF) A
• Boiling H2SO4
B
• Mineral, oxidizing (Br2, H2Cr207, HNO2, HCIO4) B
• Inorganic salts, acid-forming (alum, BF3, CuCI2,
NiCI2, sulfates) A
• Organic, strong (pH 11) (ethanol amines, pyridine) A
• Weak organic bases (pH 7-11) (aniline, soaps, urea) A
Gases
• Acid (BF3, CO2, Cl2, HCI, HF, H2S) A
• Alkaline (wet NH3, steam to 300°C) A
• Anhydrous (dew point below 0°C) (NH3, CO2, ethane,
F2, H2, HCI, HF, H2S, methane, O2 to 150°C,
propane, SO2) B
• Liquefied (air, F2, He, H2, methane, N2, O2) C
• Oxidizing (air above 250°C, F2, N2O4, O2 above 150°C,
steam above 300°C) C
• Reducing (acetylene, ethane, methane) A