handbook of carbon, graphite, diamond and fullerenes

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Vitreous Carbon 135 the melting of noble metals and special alloys, particularly in dental technology. The excellent thermal shock resistance permits very high rates of heating and cooling. Vitreous carbon is not wetted by glass and is used as mold for lenses and other glass products. Battery Electrodes. The chemical inertness and good electrical conductivity of vitreous carbon makes it a potentially excellent material for acid-battery electrodes.' 11 H 12 1 5.0 VITREOUS CARBON FOAM Vitreous carbon can be produced in the form of an open-pore foam, known as reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC). The precursor materials are essentially the same polymers used for solid vitreous carbon, except that they are foamed prior to carbonization. The carbonization process is similar. The open-pore structure of the material is shown in Fig.6.8J 13 ' Figure 6.8. Open-pore structure of vitreous carbon foam.' 13 !
136 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and Fullerenes 5.1 Characteristics and Properties Vitreous carbon foam is produced in several pore sizes, usually described as number of pores per inch (ppi). Commercially available foams are respectively 60,100, and 200 ppi (24,39 and 78 pores per cm). These foams have low density, with relatively even pore distribution. Their properties are listed in Table 6.4J 141 Vitreous-carbon foam is very susceptible to oxidation due its large surface area. Any application involving an oxidizing atmosphere above 500°C should not be considered. Table 6.4. Properties of Vitreous Carbon Foam 5.2 Applications Bulk void volume, % Bulk density, g/cm 3 Strut density, g/cm 3 Strut resistivity, 10" 4 ohm-cm Crushing strength, MPa (function of pore size) Surface area, m 2 /g 97 0.05 1.49 50 0.07 - 3.4 1.62 Electrodes. Its chemical inertness, its wide range of usable potential (1.2 to -1.0 V vs. SCE) and the hydrodynamic and structural advantages of its open-pore foam structure make vitreous carbon foam an attractive material for electrodes for lithium-ion and other types of batteries, with many potential applications in electrochemistry.^ 13 !^ 161 High-Temperature Thermal Insulation. A potential application of vitreous-carbon foam is high-temperature thermal insulation in vacuum or non-oxidizing atmosphere. Several factors combine to make this structure an excellent thermal insulator: fa) the low volume fraction of the solid phase, which limits conduction; (b) the small cell size, which virtually eliminates convection and reduces radiation through repeated absorption/reflection at the cell walls; and (c)the poor conductivity of the enclosed gas (or vacuum). An additional advantage is its excellent thermal-shock resistance due to its
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HANDBOOK OF CARBON, GRAPHITE, DIAMO
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Contents 1 Introduction and General
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xii Contents 5.0 ELECTRICAL PROPERT
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xiv Contents 2.0 THE CVD OF PYROLYT
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xvi Contents 6.0 CERAMIC-MATRIX, CA
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xviii Contents 4.0 NATURAL AND HIGH
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xx Contents 2.0 STRUCTURE OF THE FU
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Preface ix technology, processes, e
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2 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and Fu
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10 Carbon, Graphite, Diamond, and F
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Synthetic Carbon and Graphite: Carb
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Applications of Carbon Fibers 1.0 C
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10 Natural Graphite, Graphite Powde
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11 Structure and Properties of Diam
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12 Natural and High-Pressure Synthe
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13 CVD Diamond 1.0 INTRODUCTION The
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15 The Fullerene Molecules 1.0 GENE
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Glossary Ablation: The removal of m
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Index Ablation 38 Absorption bands
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Copyright © 1993 by Noyes Publicat
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vi Series HANDBOOK OF CHEMICAL VAPO
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