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El uso del software libre en las administraciones públicas de la UE

El uso del software libre en las administraciones públicas de la UE

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39significantly the skills of the European information technology work force, andprobably increase the usefulness of information technology systems. Also, thesemeasures should have some measurable impact on the import/export ba<strong>la</strong>nce forinformation technology products, curr<strong>en</strong>tly very biased against Europe because themajority of wi<strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong>y distributed (usually shrinkwrapped) <strong>software</strong> systems come fromthe United States ( 25).<strong>El</strong> informe incluye diversas recom<strong>en</strong>daciones, técnicas, legales, <strong>de</strong>organización o <strong>de</strong> promoción, como <strong>la</strong> modificación <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> procedimi<strong>en</strong>to<strong>de</strong> subv<strong>en</strong>ciones para adaptarlos a <strong><strong>la</strong>s</strong> características <strong>de</strong> los proyectosFLOSS, el <strong>uso</strong> <strong>de</strong> lic<strong>en</strong>cias FLOSS para los proyectos <strong>de</strong> investigaciónsubv<strong>en</strong>cionados, <strong>la</strong> creación <strong>de</strong> recursos que permitan <strong>la</strong> recogida yorganización <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> información refer<strong>en</strong>te a programas o proyectosFLOSS, <strong>la</strong> lucha contra <strong><strong>la</strong>s</strong> pat<strong>en</strong>tes <strong>de</strong> <strong>software</strong> a todos los niveles y<strong>la</strong> <strong>de</strong>f<strong>en</strong>sa <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> ing<strong>en</strong>iería inversa para permitir <strong>la</strong> interoperabilidad<strong>en</strong>tre el <strong>software</strong> FLOSS y los programas propietarios.Algunas <strong>de</strong> estas recom<strong>en</strong>daciones se han llevado a cabo, como <strong>la</strong>creación <strong>de</strong> un c<strong>en</strong>tro que ayu<strong>de</strong> a <strong><strong>la</strong>s</strong> instituciones a sacar v<strong>en</strong>taja<strong>de</strong> <strong><strong>la</strong>s</strong> posibilida<strong>de</strong>s <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> FLOSS (una <strong>la</strong>bor que actualm<strong>en</strong>te cumple elIDA) o <strong>la</strong> necesidad <strong>de</strong> ext<strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>r a todos los niveles <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong>administración <strong>la</strong> i<strong>de</strong>a <strong>de</strong> que el FLOSS es una alternativa aconsi<strong>de</strong>rar al mismo nivel que el <strong>software</strong> propietario, una propuestaque se ha recogido <strong>en</strong> diversos informes nacionales. Y el informetermina con <strong>la</strong> sigui<strong>en</strong>te conclusión:After this background information, we have <strong>en</strong><strong>de</strong>d the docum<strong>en</strong>t with a nonexhaustivelist of recomm<strong>en</strong>dations to the European Commission and to thegovernm<strong>en</strong>ts of the member states. Our feeling is that op<strong>en</strong> source <strong>software</strong> hasalready started to modify the rules in the information technology industry, which willproduce <strong>en</strong>ormous changes in the years to come. Giv<strong>en</strong> these facts, it is clear to usthat those countries and companies which adopt op<strong>en</strong> source technologies in theshort term will have a huge competitive advantage, and that society in g<strong>en</strong>eral canb<strong>en</strong>efit a lot from this early adoption. Europe is in a good position to take earlyadvantage of op<strong>en</strong> source, and can also help the op<strong>en</strong> source movem<strong>en</strong>t to getstronger. This col<strong>la</strong>boration can only be good for both parties. In the long term, theEuropean culture, technological background, and society organization could matchwell with the op<strong>en</strong> source mo<strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> and its unique and productive combination ofcooperation and competition ( 28).La propuesta <strong>de</strong> una co<strong>la</strong>boración <strong>en</strong>tre los gobiernos europeos y elmovimi<strong>en</strong>to <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> código abierto indica <strong>la</strong> perspectiva <strong>de</strong>s<strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> que estáredactado el informe. Como explica Aigrain, uno <strong>de</strong> sus autores, elinterés por el FLOSS d<strong>en</strong>tro <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> Comisión partió <strong>de</strong> personas que yaestaban vincu<strong>la</strong>das, <strong>en</strong> mayor o m<strong>en</strong>or medida, con este movimi<strong>en</strong>to(Aigrain 2004), y el informe manti<strong>en</strong>e esta perspectiva al especificar<strong>en</strong> cada caso <strong><strong>la</strong>s</strong> v<strong>en</strong>tajas <strong>en</strong> uno u otro s<strong>en</strong>tido. Se utiliza el marcoteórico propio <strong><strong>de</strong>l</strong> movimi<strong>en</strong>to, incluy<strong>en</strong>do <strong>la</strong> d<strong>en</strong>ominación <strong>de</strong> "bazar"que introdujo Raymond, pero, a difer<strong>en</strong>cia <strong>de</strong> <strong>la</strong> posición <strong>de</strong> éste, se

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