El uso del software libre en las administraciones públicas de la UE

65El ayuntamiento de Viena inició en el 2001 la migración de 200servidores de archivos y 18 servidores Web a FreeBSD y Linux,manteniendo los 10.000 ordenadores de puntos de trabajo bajoWindows 95 o Windows NT/2000 (Open Software 2001). Lasconclusiones que presentaron al simposium IDA en relación con elsoftware propietario fueron las siguientes:No difference in support issues (Internet!). Slightly higher skills for evaluation,establishment & rollout needed (System programmers!). Easier multi platformintegration and coexistence with legacy systems. Reduced cost for hardware (PCServers) (Pfläging 2001).En el caso de Schwäbisch Hall se trataba de migrar 15 servidores y300 puntos de trabajo a Linux. La migración se realizó a finales del2002 y uno de los problemas que tuvo que afrontar fue ladesconfianza de su propio personal ante el cambio. Son interesanteslas explicaciones que dio el responsable de la migración sobre lassoluciones que dio al problema:The small southern Germany city of Schwäbisch Hall ditched Microsoft's software infavour of open source back in late 2002. On Wednesday, Horst Bräuner, the civilservant responsible for implementing the migration, revealed the tactics used to getthe council workers of Schwäbisch Hall onside. Speaking at the Open Source forLocal Government conference in London, Bräuner explained that some users wereafraid that the deployment of Linux was part of a secret plan to read everyone'semail, record all their keystrokes and monitor their surfing habits. "I became themost hated person in the municipality, but hey, that's usual," joked Bräuner. "So, topeople who didn't like it I gave away Linux t-shirts and stuffed penguins." Otherusers were upset that they could no longer run the front cover CD-ROMs from theirfavourite computer magazines at work, or keep their old screensavers. These feelingswere assuaged, Bräuner says, once it became clear that games did run on Linux andthat people could still use their work PC for private use. Once the migration wascompleted, though, there were concerns that the open-source software would beharder to use than Windows. Again, Schwäbisch Hall had a solution. "We put thechairwoman of our workers' council on stage in front of all the municipal workers,and showed her using the new system. After that, we found that no man would saythat he couldn't use his PC now that everyone knew a woman could do it," revealedBräuner (ZDNet UK, 11 febrero 2004 49 ).Estas pintorescas estrategias confirman, en todo caso, que esnecesario tener en cuenta la actitud de los usuarios finales comoparte del programa de migración, tanto a nivel de formación como alnivel más básico de los miedos e inseguridades que el cambio puedaproducir.4.3.3.1 El caso de Munich.En el caso de Munich, el anuncio de Microsoft, en diciembre del 2002,de suspender el soporte al NT 4.0, el sistema operativo utilizado en la