Inmunologia Basica y Clinica Vol II

Angel chu lee / silvana cuenca buele / lina barreto huilcapi
autoimmune diseases, immune deficiencies
and hypersensitivity diseases such as
asthma.
Immune response
It is the defense response that expresses our
body in the presence of foreign invaders
such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa, fungi
and helminths.
From the functional point of view, the
immune system can be divided into two
types: innate or non-specific immunity and
acquired or specific immunity.
Innate or nonspecific immunity
It is the first line of defense against
infectious agents which want to invade
the body, this mechanism acts on contact
with agents, but it does not differentiate
species or class at the time of fighting; as
well as it has no memory of the agent to
whom they face.
Outer limit of the Body
This is an effective barrier to prevent
the entry of pathogens, which are:
a) Skin
b) Lysozyme
c) Mucus epithelia of outer coating
d) Skin tracheal ciliary
e) PH stomach acid, skin and vagina.
f) Spermicide sperm
g) Commensal bacteria of the intestine,
skin, and vagina
This response by an infectious primary
focus involves different components such
as:
• Complement system
• Acute phase proteins
• Interferons
• Macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells
• Myeloid dendritic cells and
plasmacytoids.
• Mast
• NKT cells
The complement system: It plays a
very important role against extracellular
bacteria especially those that obstruct their
recognition by phagocytic cells because
they possess a polysaccharide capsule;
on the other hand, this supplement plays
a secondary role in intracellular bacteria.
Activating this complement system
meets the priority to conduct activated
substances which will be deposited on
the surface of microorganisms. Also it
intervene in the inflammatory process to
produce chemoattractant which can attract
different types of immune system cells to
the site of infection in order to be more
effective in their response and therefore
recovery attack.
Macrophages: Moreover they perform
their function against given infections
by intracellular bacteria, but not viral
infections. At the same time the first
containment barrier in the acute viral
infection are type I interferons, NK cells
and plasmacytoid dendritic cells.
Mast cells and eosinophils: They act
against numerous parasitic infections
especially when the infectious process is
in early stages.
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