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O Eucalipto: um século no Brasil (The Eucalypt - Celso Foelkel

O Eucalipto: um século no Brasil (The Eucalypt - Celso Foelkel

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A<br />

dificuldade em transportar as crescentes safras de café do Interior para<br />

o litoral, em lombo de burro, levou cafeicultores paulistas a criarem a<br />

Companhia Paulista de Estradas de Ferro que, em 1872 começou a operar<br />

o primeiro trecho, entre Jundiaí e Campinas. Bastaram 30 a<strong>no</strong>s, porém, para<br />

que as matas às margens da ferrovia tivessem sido inteiramente dizimadas para<br />

alimentar as locomotivas a lenha e assim em 1903 o chefe do escritório da ferrovia,<br />

engenheiro Adolpho Augusto Pinto, propôs o plantio de florestas para abastecer a<br />

O E U C A L I P T O - U M S É C U L O N O B R A S I L<br />

estrada de ferro.<br />

A carta informava que a ferrovia “consomia <strong>um</strong> milhão de dormentes por a<strong>no</strong> e<br />

600.000 metros cúbicos de lenha, sem que jamais tenha havido o “cuidado de<br />

replantar as mattas”. O autor prevê, inclusive para dentro de “alguns an<strong>no</strong>s, a mais<br />

completa penúria dos referidos materiaes”.<br />

Sensibilizado, o presidente da empresa, Antônio da Silva Prado, encomendou a seu<br />

apadrinhado, Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, <strong>um</strong>a pesquisa para resolver o problema.<br />

Navarro, nascido em 1881 em São Paulo, perdeu os pais muito jovem, foi<br />

criado pela conhecida dama paulista, Veridiana da Silva Prado e tentou cursar a carreira<br />

das armas, mas foi expulso do Colégio Militar por participar de <strong>um</strong> motim.<br />

N<strong>um</strong>a viagem a <strong>um</strong>a fazenda em Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, o escritor Eduardo<br />

Prado o convenceu a estudar agro<strong>no</strong>mia em Coimbra e a família Prado pagou seus<br />

estudos, dos quais resultou <strong>um</strong>a tese premiada pelo gover<strong>no</strong> português. Era <strong>um</strong><br />

estudo sobre controle das dunas.<br />

De volta, em 1903, foi <strong>no</strong>meado diretor do Serviço Florestal da Companhia Paulista<br />

e sua missão foi implantar o horto florestal nas terras para isso adquiridas em<br />

Jundiaí. Fez então o plantio de 95 espécies vegetais, cabreúva ‘Myrocarpus fron-<br />

dosos’, araucária ‘Araucaria angustifolia’, jacarandá ‘Jacaranda cuspidifolia’,<br />

jequitibá ‘Cariniana estrellensis’ e também de árvores exóticas, como o carvalho<br />

‘Quercus coccinea’, o cedro-do-líba<strong>no</strong> ‘Cedrus libani’, a casuarina ‘Casuarina<br />

cunninghamiana’, grevílea ‘Grevillea robusta’ e várias espécies de eucalipto<br />

‘<strong>Eucalypt</strong>us’, que não eram <strong>no</strong>vidade <strong>no</strong> <strong>Brasil</strong>.<br />

64<br />

<strong>The</strong> difficulties involved in transporting the increasingly large coffee<br />

harvests from the Interior of the state to the coast, on donkeys, led São<br />

Paulo coffee farmers to create the Companhia Paulista de Estradas de<br />

Ferro which, started operating its first section, between Jundiaí and Campinas,<br />

in 1872. It only took 30 years, though, for the forests next to the railway to be to-<br />

tally decimated to feed the steam engines and, as such, the head of the railway’s<br />

office, engineer Adolpho Augusto Pinto, proposed, in 1903, forests be planted to<br />

supply the railway.<br />

<strong>The</strong> letter informed the railway “cons<strong>um</strong>ed a million sleepers a year and<br />

600,000 cubic meters of firewood, without ever having “taking the care of<br />

replanting the forests.” <strong>The</strong> author goes as far as forecasting that in “a few years,<br />

there will be the most complete shortage of the mentioned materials.”<br />

Sensitized, the company’s president, Antônio da Silva Prado, ordered his protégé,<br />

Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, undertake a survey to solve the problem.<br />

Navarro, born in 1881 in São Paulo, lost his parents while very young and was raised<br />

by k<strong>no</strong>wn São Paulo madam Veridiana da Silva Prado and tried to enter the military<br />

forces, but was expelled from the Military School after participating in a mutiny.<br />

During a trip to a farm in Santa Cruz das Palmeiras, writer Eduardo Prado<br />

convinced him to study agro<strong>no</strong>my in Coimbra and the Prado family paid for his<br />

studies which resulted in a thesis that was awarded by the Portuguese govern-<br />

ment. It was a study on dune control.<br />

Back in Brazil, in 1903, he was named Forest Service director of the Companhia<br />

Paulista de Estradas de Ferro and his mission was to implement the forest nursery<br />

on lands that had been purchased for this purpose in Jundiaí. Hethen planted 95<br />

species of plants: cabreúva ‘Myrocarpus frondosos’, araucária ‘Araucaria angus-<br />

tifolia’, jacarandá ‘Jacaranda cuspidifolia’, jequitibá ‘Cariniana estrellensis’, and<br />

exotic trees as well, such as oak ‘Quercus coccinea’, o cedro-do-líba<strong>no</strong> ‘Cedrus<br />

libani’, casuarina ‘Casuarina Cunninghamiana’, grevílea ‘Grevillea robusta’, and<br />

several species of ‘<strong>Eucalypt</strong>us’, which were <strong>no</strong>thing new in Brazil.

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