OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP - orsam

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ORSAM Osmanl Vilayet Salnamelerinde Halep___________________________________________________________ Urfa Sanca (Birinci Snf) Mara Sanca (kinci Snf) Bâb 2 1 198 9 Cisr-i uûr 2 4 169 10 Cebel-i Sem’ân 3 - 113 -- Münbiç 3 1 450 5 Rakka 3 -- 83 2 Urfa Merkez 1 6 382 48 Birecik 2 -- 134 7 Rum Kale (Nizip) 3 4 185 4 Suruç 3 1 237 2 Harran 3 3 248 -- Mara Merkez 2 8 112 41 Zeytun 1 -- 30 5 Elbistan 2 1 153 4 Göksun 3 1 81 -- Pazarck 3 7 88 -- 40 20. Yüzyl Ba Halep Vilayeti
OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP ___________________________________________________________________________________ 1908 ylndaki durumu gösteren tablo incelendiinde, Birinci Dünya Sava sonrasnda igale urayan Halep, Urfa ve Mara sancaklarnn büyük bir kesiminin 1920-1939 arasnda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti snrlar içerisine katld, ayn sancak snrlar içerisinde yer alan ve ayn kültürel iklime sahip olan Antep, Kilis, Antakya ve skenderun’un aksine, Misak- Milli snrlar içerisinde yer almasna ramen Halep’te Türkiye Cumhuriyeti egemenliinin salanamad ve nihayetinde Suriye snrlarna dahil edildii görülmektedir. Elbetteki o dönemde Batl sömürgeci devletlerin, bu snrlarn çizilmesinde büyük pay olduu yadsnamaz. 5- DEMOGRAFK YAPI Burada demografik yapya ve salnamelerdeki verilere geçmeden önce Osmanl toplumunun yapsna, hangi unsurlardan olutuuna, hangi ortamda ve hangi devlet geleneine göre ekillendiine ana hatlaryla bakmamz gerekir. Ancak bundan sonra, Halep örneinde bir Osmanl tara kenti ve civar bölgelerine ait demografik verilerini deerlendirebiliriz. a. Osmanl Toplum Yapsna Dair Genel Gözlemler: Osmanl toplumunun nasl bir yap arz ettiini anlayabilmek için öncelikle devlet anlaynn dayanaklarna ksaca bakmak gerekir. Bütün monarilerde oldu- u gibi Osmanl Devleti’nde de yöneten yani monark olan “padiah” ile yönetilen “reaya” arasndaki ilikiler, temel bir “mutabakat”a dayanyordu. Bu mutabakatn bir yönü, padiahn “meruiyet”inin kayna, dier yönü yönetilen reayann yaam standardnn yükseltilmesi isteidir. Osmanl Devleti, esas itibariyle örgütlenmesini ve bütün kurumlarn slam Hukukuna dayandrmtr. Böyle olmasna ramen gelitirdii düzen, çok çeitli kaynaklardan beslenmitir. Bir yanda kökleri slamiyet’ten çok öncelere giden “Ortadou” kültür çevresinin yönetim gelenei; dier yandan yine slamiyet’ten çok önce önemli pratikler ortaya koymu Orta Asya’daki “Eski Türk Gelenei”, bu düzeni besleyen önemli kaynaklardr. Ayrca Osmanl Devleti, egemen olduu mekânlar üzerinde yaayan unsurlar kendi reayas arasna alrken, onlarn daha önceki kurallarn, kültürel birikimlerini ve dünyay alglaylarn, eer slamiyet ile çelimiyorsa, aynen benimsemitir. Bu bakmdan Osmanl örgütlenmesi içindeki uygulamalar, oranlar zaman ve mekâna göre deien paylardan oluan bir bileim havas gösteren sentez niteliindedir 73. Sözü edilen mutabakatta yöneten taraf olan “monark”a, yönetilen “reaya”nn mutlak itaati söz konusudur. Bu mutlak itaat, Osmanl Devleti’nin tanmlad egemenliin de kaynan oluturur. Buna karlk, kendisine mutlak itaat eden yönetilenlerin, bata yaama hakk olmak üzere, bu dünya üzerindeki haklarn korumak, monarkn balca görevidir. Onun için yönetilenleri “zimmet”ine almas gerekir. Bir slam devleti olan Osmanl Devleti’nde bu koruma görevi, Müslümanlar için doal bir gereklilik olarak hukukta yer almtr. Ancak slamiyet, Müslüman 73 Osmanl padiah ve Osmanl devlet anlay hakknda bkz. Halil nalck, “Der osmanische Sultan (Osmanl Padiah)”, Zeitschrift der Staatswissenshaftlichen Fakultät, Band: XIII, No: 4 (Dezember 1958), 58-79. 41
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OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP - orsam

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