OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP - orsam

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ORSAM Osmanl Vilayet Salnamelerinde Halep___________________________________________________________ Kanuni’nin saltanatnn son ylnda (1566) yaplan bir baka tahrir sonuçlarna göre ise bu say, 13–14.000’e ulamtr. Batl seyyahlarn Osmanl ülkesinin çeitli yerlerine yaptklar seyahatler sonucu tuttuklar raporlar, sosyal ve demografi tarihi açsndan önemli bilgiler sunmaktadr. 18. yüzylda Urfa’ya urayan seyyahlardan Danimarkal Niebuhr (1766)’un verdii bilgiler de dikkate deerdir. Örnein, Urfa’da kullanlan konuma dilinin Türkçe olduuna, böyle olmakla birlikte tacirlerin ve katrclarn (mekkarilerin) Arapça ve Kürtçe de bildiklerine vurgu yapar. 1816’da ehri ziyaret edenlerden biri de Buckingham’dr. Ona göre ehrin nüfusu 50.000 civarndadr. Bunlarn 47.500’ü Müslüman, 2.000’i Hristiyan ve 500’ü de Yahudi’dir. 1840’da buray ziyaret eden bir baka seyyah olan B. Paujoulat’n iddiasna göre ise 1840’dan önce Urfa’da 14.000 Müslüman, 1.000 Ermeni, 100 de Jakoben olmak üzere 15.000 civarnda insan yaamaktadr. 19. yüzyl sonlarnda (1890) buray ziyaret eden V. Cuinet’e göre ise, ehrin nüfusu 55.000 civarnda olup bunun 40.835’i Müslümandr. Zaten 1880’de Sachau tarafndan ehrin nüfusu en az 50.000 olarak tahmin edilmektedir. Fakat bu iyimser tablo 1881’de Cevdet Paa’nn verdii rakamlarla tezat tekil eder. Ona göre Urfa kazasnda yalnzca 2.380 hane yaamaktadr (1.337 Müslim, 1.003 Hristiyan, 29 Yahudi). Eer Buckingham ve Sachau-Cuinet’i karlatrrsak, sava döneminde Urfa’nn nüfusunda, yüzyl ortalarnda çok büyük kayplar yaanm olduu görülebilir 95. e. Halep Vilayetinin 19. Yüzyl Verilerine Göre Genel Nüfus Yaps: Yukarda genel hatlaryla incelediimiz vilayetin demografik durumunu, salnamelerdeki verilere göre ortaya koymaya çalrsak öyle bir durum ile karla- rz: Halep vilayetinin 1285–1312 (1868–1894) yllar arasndaki genel nüfus erisini sorguladmzda, yukardaki gibi bir grafik ortaya çkt. Grafiimizi inceledi- imizde, nüfusta yaanan yükselme ve düülerin, her üç sancak için de ayn yllara rastlad hemen göze çarpmaktadr. lk tespitimiz budur. 1288–1295 (1871–1878) yllar arasnda her üç sancakta da belli oranda bir nüfus azalmas yaanm görünmektedir. Arkasndan 1307 (1890) verilerinde hzl bir arttan ve daha sonrasnda da belli bir duraanlktan, sabitlikten söz edilebilir. Peki ama bu durum nasl açklanabilir? Her eyden önce, üç sancakta da paralellik var olduuna göre, sancaklar aras göçten söz etmek mümkün deildir. 93 Harbinin 1877-78’e rastlamas, bu nüfus azalmasnda belli oranda etkili olmu olabilir. Ancak bunun hangi oranda etkili olduunu tespit edecek verilere, bu çalmann snrlar gerei, sahip deiliz. 95 Suraiya Faroqhi, “al-Ruha: the Ottoman and Modern Times”, Encyclopedia of Islam, VIII, 589a. 48
OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP ___________________________________________________________________________________ 600.000 500.000 400.000 300.000 200.000 100.000 0 kinci tespit, vilayet genelinde nüfusun youn olarak yaad bölgenin Halep sanca ve sancak içerisinde de Halep ehrinin olduudur. Buna karlk Mara ve Urfa’nn nüfus oranlarnn birbirine çok yakn seyrettii gözlerden kaçmamaktadr. Bu genel tespitlerden sonra, 1868–78 arasnda, Halep, Mara ve Urfa sancaklarndaki nüfusu dinsel açdan sorguladmzda da her üç sancakta Müslümanlarn arlkl olarak yaadklar, ikinci sray Hristiyanlarn ald ve az sayda da Musevi reayann yaad, aada yer alan üç grafikte net bir ekilde görülmektedir. 350.000 300.000 250.000 200.000 150.000 100.000 50.000 0 Halep Vilayetinin Yıllara Göre Nüfus Grafii (1285-1312) 1285 1286 1287 1288 1293 1295 1307 1308 1309 1310 1312 Halep Mara Urfa Din Tasnifine Göre Halep Sancak Nüfusu (1868-1878) 1285 1286 1287 1288 1293 1295 49 Musevi Hristiyan Müslüman
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OSMANLI VİLAYET SALNAMELERİNDE HALEP - orsam

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