Japani_ki_lisaniyati_Nazam_or_bhol_chal

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JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 76 Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum cases, you can change a verb into a noun phrase by adding koto to it. Take a typical short sentence: Sushi o taberu. Eat sushi. If we add koto, it allows us to use the phrase as the subject of a larger sentence. Sushi o taberu koto the act of eating sushi If we place a koto noun phrase before ga dekiru, we get a nifty way of saying "can do..." Watashi wa sushi o taberu koto ga dekiru. I can eat sushi. Sushi o taberu koto ga dekiru ka. Can you/he/... eat sushi? Mo (also) Mo kay maeni "also," "too," aur "as well" hain. Yah musbat aur sawaliya, donoon kay liay estamal main aata hai. Maslan * Anata mo gakusei desu ka. Kiya aap bhi eak talib-e-ilm hain? Are you a student, too? Dore - which? Just as a reminder, remember that for now you should pronounce all the vowels in Japanese. There is no such thing as a silent 'E' in Japanese. So you would pronounce 'kore' as Koray, but of course with a Japanese R, not an English one. Kore wa watashi no mono desu. [This as for I’s thing is.] This is mine. Kara indicates motion from a place or object. Ni indicates motion directed towards a place or object. Ni is used for specific times, like the words in, on, or at. Koko (here, this place) - is for places closer to the speaker 38 JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum -Tara can also be used for intentional actions, of course-- Tanaka-san ga kitara, shirasemasu ("when Tanaka comes, I'll inform him"). The point is that it is the only form possible for situations out of the speaker's control. (By the way, all these subtleties should not be thought of as hard-and-fast rules, but merely guidelines for expressing what you really mean. Of course in practice there will be some exceptions.) Moshi Moshi always means "if," and it is not a complete form by itself. It must be used in conjunction with another conditional, usually nara or -tara. It comes at the beginning of the dependent clause. Moshi can serve a couple of purposes: first, it can be used to emphasize the "hypotheticality" of the situation. Moshi shinu nara means "if I die..." Second, it can be used simply as an "advanced warning" that the dependent clause is going to be conditional. Since Japanese is structured such that you have wait for the end of phrases and clauses to find out what's going on, Japanese people have evolved a few strategies to give clues about what's coming. Moshi is often used in front of long -tara clauses in writing. -Ba This form means "if" much more often than it means "when." It is often the form called "the conditional form" in grammar texts and is almost always used for hypothetical situations. For regular verbs, replace -u with -eba; for semiregular verbs, replace -ru with -reba; and for kuru and suru, use kureba and sureba. [The corresponding negative forms use the -nai stem: replace -nai with -nakereba.] Koto Koto literally means "thing" in an abstract sense, as in "what kind of things to you do at those meetings." It's not the kind of thing you can touch, hold or spit on. In many 75
JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 78 Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum In case/if it gets late, please call. It is also used on written forms that ask for the respondent's opinion: Anata no baai, means Aap kay khayaal main--- In your opinion... Toki Toki literally means "time" and functionally means something like "at the time of." (In fact, the kanji for toki is the same as that for ji, meaning "hour" (like 2-ji, 2 o'clock).] It can be hypothetical ("if") or actual ("when"), but is more likely to be used to mean "when". Baai and toki are interchangeable, such as Omoi toki = omoi baai = agar yah wazni hai if it's heavy... Kodomo no toki Jab mein bacha tha When I was a child Kodomo no baai Bacha honay ki surat main In case of children Ya In case you are a child. Agar tum aik bacha hotay HIRAGANA AND COMPOUND ARABIC SOUNDS Alam-e-Arab na’siraf apnay tarekhi, tehzibi, moashi aur saqafti hawalah se alalm-e insani ki jan hai balkah wasael-e-qudrat (khasusan petrol, shamsi tawani wagherah) kay moamlah main khasusi ehmiat ka hamil hai. Es kay tajarti moamlaat dunyaan ki tamam walaetoon se rahay hain. Aaj bhi mazi qareeb-obaed ki tara surat-e-hal mukhtalif nahain. Ta’hum tajarti omoor-o-moamlaat aur 39 JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum than the listener Toire wa koko de wa arimasen. The toilet is not here. Soko (there, that place) - indicates locations near the listener than the speaker. It also indicates a relational proximity to the listener, not always a physical proximity. Hachi wa soko desu yo! The wasp is right there, by you! Asoko (over there, that place over there) - is used for places that are at a distance from both the speaker and listener. Keisatsu-kan wa asoko desu ka? Is the police station over there? Doko (where) - fits into this class as well and is used to ask questions. Toire wa doko desu ka? Where is the toilet? The words kore, sore, are are used to point out objects (sometimes people) in different locations in reference to the speakers. Kore is used for items closer to the speaker than the listener: this. Sore is used for items closer to the listener than the speaker: that. Are is used for items at a distance from both the speaker and the listener: that over there. Baai Baai isam (noun) hai. Jahaan in case of... ya in the case that... kehnay ki zarorat hoti hai wahaan es ka estamal kiya jata hai. Maslan Osoku naru baai, renraku shite kudasai. Dair ho janay ki surat main call kar lain. 77
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Japani_ki_lisaniyati_Nazam_or_bhol_chal

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