Japani_ki_lisaniyati_Nazam_or_bhol_chal

JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR
BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni
132
• Mizenkei shina- ina183
• Renyoukei shini- ini-
• Shuushikei shinu inu
• Rentaikei shinuru inuru
• Izenkei shinure- inure-
• Meireikei shine ine
Yodan / four-row verbs
shinu and inu are called "na-column irregular verbs"
(na-gyou henkaku
katsuyou doushi ). The most common type of verbs follow a
different conjugation pattern: they are called yodan doushi,
"four-row verbs". Take, for example, kaku, "to write":
ki and keri:
Mishi hito, "the person seen", would be mita hito in modern
Japanese. It is formed by adding the ki to the renyoukei of
miru, "to see", and forming the rentaikei. mukashi, otoko
arikeri. "Once upon a time, there was a man." - Several
episodes of the Ise monogatari begins with this line. (Note
that in classical Japanes aru was used for humans as well.)
-keri originally means past tense, it is often used only to
express poetic emphasis.
Japani verb/noun
Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum
A
Ahiru Aa hi ru domestic duck gharailo batakh
Aruku aa ru ku chalna to walk
B bu
Buta bu ta pig
C cho
Chouchou Chou Chou butterfly titli
Chuusha chuu sha injection tika
(Yah verb bhi estamal hota hai)
D de
Densha den sha electric train bijli say chalnay wali rail gari
E
66
JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR
BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni
131
Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum
Verbs can have 6 different stem forms, and suffices are
attached to one of these. Actually, modern Japanese is just
like that: take the verb yomu (to read). It has different stem
forms, like yoma-, yome- and yomi-. Eg. the -masu suffix
must be attached to the yomi- stem: to obtain the polite
form yomimasu. The -nakatta suffix comes with the yomastem:
so we obtain yomanakatta ( did not read ). And to
form the conditional yomeba ( if [I] read ), you add the -ba
suffix to the yome- stem.
For many verbs, some of the six stem forms are identical;
actually there are only two verbs for which all the six forms
differ: shinu ( to die ), and inu ( to leave, to go away ).
The six stem forms of classical Japanese are:
• Izenkei - roughly corresponds to the yoma form: suffices
that express negation are added to this stem. The izenkei
of shinu is shina- Eg.
shinazu ( does not die ).
• Renyoukei - roughly corresponds to the yomi form. For
shinu, the renyoukei is shini-. Eg. the -tari suffix, expressing
past tense, is added to the renyoukei: shinitari.
• Shuushikei - this is the dictionary form of verbs: shinu. It is
used typically at the end of the sentence, hence the name.
• Rentaikei - this form is used when a verb is set before a
noun as an
adjectival modifier. For shinu, the rentaikei is shinuru, so for
example
"the person who dies" would be shinuru hito. Note that in
modern Japanese we would use the shuushikei instead:
shinu hito. • Izenkei - For shinu, the izenkei is shinure-. A
common suffix that is added to the izenkei is -domo, which
roughly corresponds to -keredo in modern Japanese.
shinuredomo would be shindakeredo in modern Japanese,
meaning "although [he] died..."
• Meireikei - expresses the imperative. shine - "drop dead!"
To summarize the six forms of shinu and inu (called the
Na-column irregular verbs):