Japani_ki_lisaniyati_Nazam_or_bhol_chal

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JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 132 • Mizenkei shina- ina183 • Renyoukei shini- ini- • Shuushikei shinu inu • Rentaikei shinuru inuru • Izenkei shinure- inure- • Meireikei shine ine Yodan / four-row verbs shinu and inu are called "na-column irregular verbs" (na-gyou henkaku katsuyou doushi ). The most common type of verbs follow a different conjugation pattern: they are called yodan doushi, "four-row verbs". Take, for example, kaku, "to write": ki and keri: Mishi hito, "the person seen", would be mita hito in modern Japanese. It is formed by adding the ki to the renyoukei of miru, "to see", and forming the rentaikei. mukashi, otoko arikeri. "Once upon a time, there was a man." - Several episodes of the Ise monogatari begins with this line. (Note that in classical Japanes aru was used for humans as well.) -keri originally means past tense, it is often used only to express poetic emphasis. Japani verb/noun Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum A Ahiru Aa hi ru domestic duck gharailo batakh Aruku aa ru ku chalna to walk B bu Buta bu ta pig C cho Chouchou Chou Chou butterfly titli Chuusha chuu sha injection tika (Yah verb bhi estamal hota hai) D de Densha den sha electric train bijli say chalnay wali rail gari E 66 JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 131 Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum Verbs can have 6 different stem forms, and suffices are attached to one of these. Actually, modern Japanese is just like that: take the verb yomu (to read). It has different stem forms, like yoma-, yome- and yomi-. Eg. the -masu suffix must be attached to the yomi- stem: to obtain the polite form yomimasu. The -nakatta suffix comes with the yomastem: so we obtain yomanakatta ( did not read ). And to form the conditional yomeba ( if [I] read ), you add the -ba suffix to the yome- stem. For many verbs, some of the six stem forms are identical; actually there are only two verbs for which all the six forms differ: shinu ( to die ), and inu ( to leave, to go away ). The six stem forms of classical Japanese are: • Izenkei - roughly corresponds to the yoma form: suffices that express negation are added to this stem. The izenkei of shinu is shina- Eg. shinazu ( does not die ). • Renyoukei - roughly corresponds to the yomi form. For shinu, the renyoukei is shini-. Eg. the -tari suffix, expressing past tense, is added to the renyoukei: shinitari. • Shuushikei - this is the dictionary form of verbs: shinu. It is used typically at the end of the sentence, hence the name. • Rentaikei - this form is used when a verb is set before a noun as an adjectival modifier. For shinu, the rentaikei is shinuru, so for example "the person who dies" would be shinuru hito. Note that in modern Japanese we would use the shuushikei instead: shinu hito. • Izenkei - For shinu, the izenkei is shinure-. A common suffix that is added to the izenkei is -domo, which roughly corresponds to -keredo in modern Japanese. shinuredomo would be shindakeredo in modern Japanese, meaning "although [he] died..." • Meireikei - expresses the imperative. shine - "drop dead!" To summarize the six forms of shinu and inu (called the Na-column irregular verbs):
JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 134 Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum Kojuuto ko ju u to children by former marriage Pehli shadi kay bachay/Pehlay khawand/bivi kay bachay Konpyuutaa kon pyu u ta a computer kamputar Kochira (koso) ko chi ra ko so me (too) mujhy (bhi) Korosu ko ro su to kill qatal karna ku Kuruma ku ru ma car (vehicle wheel) motor kar Kusuri ku su ri medicine dawa/daro Kudari ku da ri downhill Pahari say/kay nichay Kuma ku ma bear (animal) kya Kyabetsu kya be tsu cabbage kyu Kyuuri kyu u ri/kyu uri (okay) cucumber M ma Makura ma ku ra pillow sahana Miru mi ru to see, to watch Mitsubachi mi tsu ba chi honey shehad (Shehad ki makhi kay liay bhi yahi lafaz mustamal hai) N na Nashi na shi Japanese pear Nasu na su egg plant ni Nihongo ni hon go Japanese japani Nikai ni kai 2nd floor dusri manzal O Orenji o ren ji orange Malta Ondori ondo ri cock rooster R ri Ringo rin go apple saib S su Suzumebachi su zu me ba chi wasp hornet Sho Shouga sho u ga ginger T ta Tamanegi ta ma ne gi onion Taberu ta be ru khana to eat 67 JPANI KA LASANIYATI NAZAAM AUR BOOL CHAL By Maqssoq Hasni 133 Compiled By: Dr. M. Riaz Anjum Eigo ei go English Angraizi F fu Fune fu ne ship behri jahaz H ha Hae ha e fly Oran Hakusai ha ku sai Chinese cabbage white rape Hanasu ha na su to speak bolna/goftagu karna Hashiru ha shi ru to run dorna/bhagna hi Hitsuji hi tsu ji sheep bakri Hito hi to person shakhas he Heya he ya kara room Hikouki hi ko u ki aeroplane hawae jahaz ho Hon hon books kitabain I Ichigo I chi go straberry Imo I mo potato aalo Isha I sha doctor daktar/moalaj Isu I su chair kursi Ikai I kai 1st floor pehli manzal J ji Jitensha ji ten sha bicycle cycal K Ka Kaki ka ki persimmom Kagami ka ga mi mirror aaena Kakuteru ka ku te ru cocktail Kangofu kan go fu nurse (f) khatoon naras Kaa-foon ka a foon car phone Kankoku/Choosen-ryoori kan ko ku/ choo sen-ryo o ri Korean food koreya main khaya janay wala khana Ki Kissaten ki sa ten/ki sa te n Cffee shop kafi pinay ki dokan Ko Koohii koo hi i/ko o hi i coffee kafi Kohitsuji ko hi tsu ji lamb bhair ka bacha Koara ko a ra Koala Kokusaikankee ko ku sai kan ke e/ ko ku sai kan ke International relations bain-ul-aqwami ta’alqaat
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