EPA's Vessel General Permit and Small Vessel General

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information about the distribution of the data such as the direction of skew or range of observations, nor does it represent a plausible worst-case scenario. NMFS used data reported to the NOI database to generate a more complete characterization of the distribution of ballast water capacity among VGP eligible vessels (Table 5). The distribution of ballast water capacity is strongly positively skewed for all vessel service classes, meaning that the majority of the observations are below the mathematical mean. The skew is particularly strong for barges, cargo carriers and large cruise ships. 226
Table 5. Vessel service class relative distribution of ballast water capacity reported in the NOI database (all values except skew are m 3 ). Vessel Service Class Number of Vessels Reporting Ballast Water Capacity Mean Standard Deviation Minimum Median (50 th Percentile) 75 th Percentile Maximum Skew Barge 4692 2,477 57,302 8 447 1,030 3,543,700 54.9 Bulk Cargo and Other Carriers Commercial Fishing Vessel 6311 23,950 37,565 9 16,618 30,887 1,567,953 21.4 211 6,691 12,765 12 594 6,775 78,007 2.9 Emergency Vessel 41 3,003 16,211 12 332 468 104,036 5.9 Large Cruise Ship 146 15,527 145,092 19 3,041 4,625 1,756,454 11.8 Large Ferry 44 2,806 8,022 17 387 1,625 51,224 5.0 Medium Cruise Ship 29 2,273 5,845 9 404 1,689 26,744 3.3 Oil or Gas Tanker 3955 32,522 29,951 17 23,473 42,018 662,128 3.6 Passenger 47 5,469 35,332 11 80 213 242,423 6.4 Utility 832 3,550 19,401 8 190 780 255,680 8.4 227
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Endangered Species Act Section 7 Co
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Rockfish ..........................
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LIST of TABLES Table 1. Species Lis
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Agency: Activities Considered: Nati
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allast water volume. They also agre
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� Distillation and Reverse Osmosi
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� Conduct fueling in a manner tha
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stability of the ship. Any discharg
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� Annual calibration of ballast w
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The discharge of Tributyltin (TBT)
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For vessels covered under the VGP,
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For vessels covered under the VGP,
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waters (Appendix G, VGP). Non-Oily
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� Limiting use of hard brushes an
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adjusted upward for lower washwater
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� Dispose of the graywater at an
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� Appropriate reprimand procedure
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Under the VGP, the EPA authorizes t
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� Ensuring material storage, and
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2. Voyage Log. Include the dates an
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tanks in ballast. Use units of meas
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USC §1001 or 18 USC §1519. To mon
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discharges to an impaired water wit
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� Prevent monofilament line, fish
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Ballast Water. For vessels covered
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submitted or required to be maintai
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� Use soaps and detergents that a
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eports in time to make changes for
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for these components of an action);
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Regardless of whether an agency’s
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suspected to produce physical, phys
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Response Analyses We conduct a deta
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iotic phenomena to a degree that wo
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seaward a distance of three miles.
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Table 1. Species Listed as Threaten
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Based upon our analyses, we conclud
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11. Certain park pest management ac
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alter macroinvertebrate communities
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support one or more Chinook salmon
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quality growth, reproduction, and f
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quality and quantity, natural cover
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occurs in residence time in fresh w
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This ESU consists of a single spawn
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Status and Trends NMFS originally l
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Critical Habitat NMFS designated cr
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support one or more Chinook salmon
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Most of the chum within this ESU re
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On average Hood Canal chum salmon r
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estuaries and in fresh water coho s
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FR 24049). The designation encompas
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100,000 fish by the mid-1960s with
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1996). However, the decline in prod
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other tributaries flowing into Ozet
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Status and Trends Snake River socke
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parts of pools, while winter rearin
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Creek, Waddell Creek, Gazos Creek,
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1996). Steelhead in these basins tr
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Cowlitz Trout Hatchery winter-run p
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White Salmon River and Deschutes Cr
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Status and Trends NMFS listed North
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summer-run fish, comprising 37 of t
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status as threatened on January 5,
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elow the dam and the older dam coun
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extirpated due to dewatering or bar
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to 3,714 while naturally produced s
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The smolt migration past Willamette
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Movement, growth, and reproduction
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date, Atlantic salmon are listed in
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1997, Somero and Hofmann 1997, Van
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Southern Pacific Eulachon Eulachon
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Threats Natural Threats. Birds and
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are low in comparison to catch leve
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Female shortnose sturgeon spawn eve
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Anthropogenic Threats. Historic fis
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of all life stages in the riverine
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adults generally migrate upriver in
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Bocaccio are live-bearers with inte
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ycatch and habitat loss are also hu
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historical population in the Strait
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During each annual spawning event,
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Caribbean and Central America, the
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occur regularly in waters in excess
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Natural threats The primary natural
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diets (Reich et al. 2010, Vander Za
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fish, jellyfish, mollusks, and tuni
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sea turtle survival and recovery in
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Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys
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in leatherbacks and can block gastr
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the population has experienced a co
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Strandings may represent a signific
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Page 184 and 185: which makes it potentially vulnerab
Page 186 and 187: North Atlantic right whales exhibit
Page 188 and 189: impeded by competition with other w
Page 190 and 191: Southern Oceans. Most populations m
Page 192 and 193: Nemoto 1959, Nemoto 1970, Krieger a
Page 194 and 195: Natural threats The overriding thre
Page 196 and 197: planktonic larvae form before settl
Page 198 and 199: than 12% on many reefs (Rogers et a
Page 200 and 201: Critical habitat NMFS published a f
Page 202 and 203: Natural threats Natural pressures e
Page 204 and 205: Black abalone have also experienced
Page 206 and 207: 2009). The largest known groups of
Page 208 and 209: areas compared to historical condit
Page 210 and 211: Louisiana parakeet (Conuropsis caro
Page 212 and 213: another 2.5 to 4°F during the wint
Page 214 and 215: Table 2. Phenomena associated with
Page 216 and 217: In addition to these changes, clima
Page 218 and 219: as other Chinook salmon populations
Page 220 and 221: Effects of the Action The Effects o
Page 222 and 223: fuel barges, crane barges, dry bulk
Page 224 and 225: and only 3% of emergency vessels ar
Page 226 and 227: propeller) to create thrust and det
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Page 230 and 231: � Minimize the transport of any v
Page 234 and 235: The uptake and discharge of ballast
Page 236 and 237: quantify the annual number of newly
Page 238 and 239: Stressors Established ANS are stres
Page 240 and 241: autochthonous gross primary product
Page 242 and 243: damage to mortality. Baleen whales
Page 244 and 245: While there are many examples of fr
Page 246 and 247: skeleton that is free from fleshy o
Page 248 and 249: VGP Authorized Discharge sVGP Autho
Page 250 and 251: for large cruise ships. The example
Page 252 and 253: EPA used information for commercial
Page 254 and 255: Aluminum, Total (μg/L) Cadmium, Di
Page 256 and 257: Exhaust Gas Scrubber Washwater Effl
Page 258 and 259: Table 16. Fish Hold Effluent and Cl
Page 260 and 261: Graywater and Graywater Mixed with
Page 262 and 263: include controllable pitch propelle
Page 264 and 265: Discharges not Evaluated in the BE.
Page 266 and 267: Table 23. Decision Process for thos
Page 268 and 269: Table 23. Decision Process for thos
Page 270 and 271: Estimates of Exposure Resulting fro
Page 272 and 273: For the fraction of freshwater mode
Page 274 and 275: Table 26. Estimated Receiving Water
Page 280 and 281: Geographical Distribution and Overl
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Bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), Ca
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mg/L (USEPA 2008). Average phosphor
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esponse follows a “one hit” mod
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species. (Glazebrook and Campbell 1
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from large cruise vessels. The sour
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metals in marine mammals is general
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physiological damage to the recepto
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the original estimates (USEPA 2012a
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on reproduction and survival would
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Table 33. Application of the Ecosys
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metabolism of organic chemicals. Wh
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increased levels of suspended sedim
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than EPA’s HC5 TLM for benzo(a)py
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A later study by the same workers r
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(1) Scope In this section, we ask w
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estimate whether those discharges h
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analyzed due to a lack of resources
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concentration calculated for the hy
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Annually, EPA will collect and revi
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methodologies and understanding of
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traditionally requires applying dat
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In conclusion, the Service evaluate
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The VGP requires that vessel operat
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justified the application of signif
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Integration and Synthesis The EPA p
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population and a competitor could e
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Second, EPA will monitor pollutants
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is incidental to and not intended a
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minimize or avoid adverse effects o
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Adey, W. H. 1978. Coral reef morpho
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acidification causes bleaching and
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State University, Arcada, Californi
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and high-use areas of western Pacif
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Blum, J. P. 1988. Assessment of fac
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(Special Issue) 2:245-250. Browning
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Conservation 78:97-106. Carlton, J.
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River-specific target spawning requ
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pinniger in Canada. Committee on th
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comparison of reef maps from 1881 a
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Dustan, P. 1985. Community structur
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Erickson, D. L. and J. E. Hightower
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(Eubalaena glacialis). Aquatic Mamm
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Gilmore, M. D. and B. R. Hall. 1976
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London. Groot, C. and L. Margolis.
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Hanson, B., R. W. Baird, and G. Sch
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HDLNR. 2002. Application for an ind
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trawl fishery 1962-64. Washington D
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Comprehensive Guide to their Identi
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Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of t
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San Juan archipelago. Washington De
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Littell, J. S., M. M. Elsner, L. C.
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American Meteorological Society 78:
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and D. G. McDonald, editors. Global
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Mieog, J. C., J. L. Olsen, R. Berke
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Moser, H. G. 1967. Reproduction and
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offshore waters of the North Pacifi
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NMFS. 2008d. National Marine Fisher
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polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. E
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pectinata (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Pr
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(Lepidochelys kempii). Journal of H
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T. B. B. Smith, R., C. F. G. Jeffre
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Margolis, editors. Pacific Salmon L
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36:447-453. Seminoff, J. A., A. Res
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idley sea turtles: Evidence from ma
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Marine Ecology-Progress Series 377:
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Quality Criteria for Oil and Grease
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Veracruz, Mexico. United States Fis
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Virnstein, R. W. and L. J. Morris.
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Scotian Rivers have not declined in
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Williams, R., D. E. Bain, J. K. B.
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under the Endangered Species Act. W
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EPA's Vessel General Permit and Small Vessel General

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