EPA's Vessel General Permit and Small Vessel General

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Moser, H. G. 1967. Reproduction and development of Sebastodes paucispinis and comparison with other rockfishes off southern California. Copeia 4:773-797. Moser, H. G. 1996a. The early life stages of fishes in the California current region. National Marine Fisheries Service, La Jolla, California. Moser, H. G. 1996b. Scorpaenidae: scorpionfishes and rockfishes. Pages 733-795 in H. G. Moser, editor. The early life stages of fishes in the California current region. Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. Moser, H. G. and G. W. Boehlert. 1991. Ecology of pelagic larvae and juveniles of the genus Sebastes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 30:203-224. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, W. Watson, D. A. Ambrose, J. L. Butler, J. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. 2000a. Abundance and distribution of rockfish (Sebastes) larvae in the southern California Bight in relation to environmental conditions and fishery exploitation. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Report. Moser, H. G., R. L. Charter, W. Watson, D. A. Ambrose, J. L. Butler, S. R. Charter, and E. M. Sandknop. 2000b. Abundance and distribution of rockfish (Sebastes) larvae in the Southern California Bight in relation to environmental conditions and fishery exploitation. California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports 41:132- 147. Moser, M. L., M. Bain, M. R. Collins, N. Haley, B. Kynard, J. C. O’Herron Ii, G. Rogers, and T. S. Squiers. 2000c. A Protocol for Use of Shortnose and Atlantic Sturgeons. NMFS-OPR- 18, U.S. Department of Commerce Moser, M. L. and S. T. Lindley. 2007. Use of Washington estuaries by subadult and adult green sturgeon. Environmental Biology of Fishes 79:243-253. Moser, M. L. and S. W. Ross. 1995. Habitat Use and Movements of Shortnose and Atlantic Sturgeons in the Lower Cape Fear River, North Carolina. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 124:225. Mote, P., A. Hamlet, and E. Salathé. 2008. Has spring snowpack declined in the Washington Cascades? Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 12:193-206. Movahedinia, A., B. Abtahi, and M. Bahmani. 2012. Gill Histopathological Lesions of the Sturgeons. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 7:710-717. Moyle, P. B. 1976a. The decline of anadromous fishes in California. Conservation Biology 8:869-870. Moyle, P. B. 1976b. Inland fishes of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Moyle, P. B. 2002. Inland fishes of California. Revised and Expanded. University of California Press, Berkeley, California. Moyle, P. B., P. J. Foley, and R. M. Yoshiyama. 1992. Status of green sturgeon, Acipenser medirostris, in California. University of California, Davis, California. 384
Moyle, P. B., R. M. Yoshiyama, J. E. Williams, and E. D. Wikramanayake. 1995. Fish species of special concern in California. Second edition. Final report to California Department of Fish and Game, contract 2128IF. Mrosovsky, N., S. R. Hopkins-Murphy, and J. I. Richardson. 1984. Sex ratio of sea turtles: seasonal changes. Science 225:739-741. Mrosovsky, N., G. D. Ryan, and M. C. James. 2009. Leatherback turtles: the menace of plastic. Mar Pollut Bull 58:287-289. Munk, K. 2001. Maximum ages of groundfishes in waters off Alaska and British Columbia and consideration of age determination. Alaska Fisheries Research Bulletin 8:12-21. Munoz , L. T. and A. J. Camacho. 1976. Ensayo para la determincion de la primera edad de madurez de acuerdo a muestreos biometricos y cortes de concha de H. corrugata en Punta Abreojos, B.C. Sur Informe de Desarrollo. Mecanografiado. Inst. Nal de Pesca, EIPc- 209, 20 Abril 1976. Munoz, M. J., M. Carballo, and J. V. Tarazona. 1991. The effect of sublethal levels of copper and cyanide on some biochemical parameters of rainbow-trout along subacute exposition. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-Pharmacology Toxicology & Endocrinology 100:577-582. Murison, L. D. and D. E. Gaskin. 1989. The distribution of right whales and zooplankton in the Bay of Fundy, Canada. Canadian Journal of Zoology 67:1411-1420. Murphy, T. M. and S. R. Hopkins. 1984. Aerial and ground surveys of marine turtle nesting beaches in the southeast region. Final Report to NOAA/NMFS/SEFC, U.S. Department of Commerce, 73p. Musick, J. A., M. M. Harbin, S. A. Berkeley, G. H. Burgess, A. M. Eklund, L. Findley, R. G. Gilmore, J. T. Golden, D. S. Ha, G. R. Huntsman, J. C. McGovern, S. J. Parker, S. G. Poss, E. Sala, T. W. Schmidt, G. R. Sedbeny, H. Weeks, and S. G. Wright. 2000. Marine, estuarine, and diadromous fish stocks at risk of extinction in North America (exclusive of Pacific salmonids). Fisheries 25:6-30. Musick, J. A. and C. J. Limpus. 1997. Habitat utilization, and migration in juvenile sea turtles. Pages 137-163 in P. L. Lutz and J. A. Musick, editors. The biology of sea turtles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida. Mysing, J. O. and T. M. Vanselous. 1989. Status of satellite tracking of Kemp’s ridley sea turtles. Pages 122-115 in First International Symposium on Kemp’s Ridley Sea Turtle Biology, Conservation, and Management. . Texas A&M University Nakamoto, R. J., T. T. Kisanuki, and G. H. Goldsmith. 1995. Age and growth of Klamath River green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris). Project #93-FP-13. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. NAS. 2011. Assessing the Relationship Between Propagule Pressure and Invasion Risk in Ballast Water. The National Academies Press. Neave, F., T. Yonemori, and R. Bakkala. 1976. Distribution and origin of chum salmon in 385
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Endangered Species Act Section 7 Co
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Rockfish ..........................
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LIST of TABLES Table 1. Species Lis
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Agency: Activities Considered: Nati
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allast water volume. They also agre
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� Distillation and Reverse Osmosi
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� Conduct fueling in a manner tha
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stability of the ship. Any discharg
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� Annual calibration of ballast w
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The discharge of Tributyltin (TBT)
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For vessels covered under the VGP,
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For vessels covered under the VGP,
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waters (Appendix G, VGP). Non-Oily
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� Limiting use of hard brushes an
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adjusted upward for lower washwater
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� Dispose of the graywater at an
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� Appropriate reprimand procedure
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Under the VGP, the EPA authorizes t
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� Ensuring material storage, and
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2. Voyage Log. Include the dates an
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tanks in ballast. Use units of meas
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USC §1001 or 18 USC §1519. To mon
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discharges to an impaired water wit
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� Prevent monofilament line, fish
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Ballast Water. For vessels covered
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submitted or required to be maintai
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� Use soaps and detergents that a
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eports in time to make changes for
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for these components of an action);
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Regardless of whether an agency’s
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suspected to produce physical, phys
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Response Analyses We conduct a deta
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iotic phenomena to a degree that wo
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seaward a distance of three miles.
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Table 1. Species Listed as Threaten
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Based upon our analyses, we conclud
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11. Certain park pest management ac
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alter macroinvertebrate communities
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support one or more Chinook salmon
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quality growth, reproduction, and f
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quality and quantity, natural cover
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occurs in residence time in fresh w
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This ESU consists of a single spawn
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Status and Trends NMFS originally l
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Critical Habitat NMFS designated cr
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support one or more Chinook salmon
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Most of the chum within this ESU re
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On average Hood Canal chum salmon r
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estuaries and in fresh water coho s
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FR 24049). The designation encompas
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100,000 fish by the mid-1960s with
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1996). However, the decline in prod
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other tributaries flowing into Ozet
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Status and Trends Snake River socke
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parts of pools, while winter rearin
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Creek, Waddell Creek, Gazos Creek,
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1996). Steelhead in these basins tr
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Cowlitz Trout Hatchery winter-run p
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White Salmon River and Deschutes Cr
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Status and Trends NMFS listed North
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summer-run fish, comprising 37 of t
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status as threatened on January 5,
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elow the dam and the older dam coun
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extirpated due to dewatering or bar
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to 3,714 while naturally produced s
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The smolt migration past Willamette
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Movement, growth, and reproduction
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date, Atlantic salmon are listed in
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1997, Somero and Hofmann 1997, Van
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Southern Pacific Eulachon Eulachon
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Threats Natural Threats. Birds and
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are low in comparison to catch leve
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Female shortnose sturgeon spawn eve
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Anthropogenic Threats. Historic fis
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of all life stages in the riverine
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adults generally migrate upriver in
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Bocaccio are live-bearers with inte
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ycatch and habitat loss are also hu
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historical population in the Strait
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During each annual spawning event,
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Caribbean and Central America, the
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occur regularly in waters in excess
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Natural threats The primary natural
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diets (Reich et al. 2010, Vander Za
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fish, jellyfish, mollusks, and tuni
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sea turtle survival and recovery in
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Leatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys
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in leatherbacks and can block gastr
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the population has experienced a co
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Strandings may represent a signific
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eulachon, Pacific cod, walleye poll
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which makes it potentially vulnerab
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North Atlantic right whales exhibit
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impeded by competition with other w
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Southern Oceans. Most populations m
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Nemoto 1959, Nemoto 1970, Krieger a
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Natural threats The overriding thre
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planktonic larvae form before settl
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than 12% on many reefs (Rogers et a
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Critical habitat NMFS published a f
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Natural threats Natural pressures e
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Black abalone have also experienced
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2009). The largest known groups of
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areas compared to historical condit
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Louisiana parakeet (Conuropsis caro
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another 2.5 to 4°F during the wint
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Table 2. Phenomena associated with
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In addition to these changes, clima
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as other Chinook salmon populations
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Effects of the Action The Effects o
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fuel barges, crane barges, dry bulk
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and only 3% of emergency vessels ar
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propeller) to create thrust and det
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36 weeks from 1850 to 1995, but in
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� Minimize the transport of any v
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information about the distribution
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The uptake and discharge of ballast
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quantify the annual number of newly
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Stressors Established ANS are stres
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autochthonous gross primary product
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damage to mortality. Baleen whales
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While there are many examples of fr
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skeleton that is free from fleshy o
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VGP Authorized Discharge sVGP Autho
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for large cruise ships. The example
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EPA used information for commercial
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Aluminum, Total (μg/L) Cadmium, Di
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Exhaust Gas Scrubber Washwater Effl
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Table 16. Fish Hold Effluent and Cl
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Graywater and Graywater Mixed with
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include controllable pitch propelle
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Discharges not Evaluated in the BE.
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Table 23. Decision Process for thos
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Table 23. Decision Process for thos
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Estimates of Exposure Resulting fro
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For the fraction of freshwater mode
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Table 26. Estimated Receiving Water
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Geographical Distribution and Overl
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Bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis), Ca
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mg/L (USEPA 2008). Average phosphor
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esponse follows a “one hit” mod
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species. (Glazebrook and Campbell 1
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from large cruise vessels. The sour
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metals in marine mammals is general
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physiological damage to the recepto
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the original estimates (USEPA 2012a
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on reproduction and survival would
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Table 33. Application of the Ecosys
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metabolism of organic chemicals. Wh
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increased levels of suspended sedim
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than EPA’s HC5 TLM for benzo(a)py
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A later study by the same workers r
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(1) Scope In this section, we ask w
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estimate whether those discharges h
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analyzed due to a lack of resources
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concentration calculated for the hy
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Annually, EPA will collect and revi
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methodologies and understanding of
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traditionally requires applying dat
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In conclusion, the Service evaluate
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The VGP requires that vessel operat
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justified the application of signif
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Integration and Synthesis The EPA p
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population and a competitor could e
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Second, EPA will monitor pollutants
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is incidental to and not intended a
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minimize or avoid adverse effects o
Page 340 and 341: Adey, W. H. 1978. Coral reef morpho
Page 342 and 343: acidification causes bleaching and
Page 344 and 345: State University, Arcada, Californi
Page 346 and 347: and high-use areas of western Pacif
Page 348 and 349: Blum, J. P. 1988. Assessment of fac
Page 350 and 351: (Special Issue) 2:245-250. Browning
Page 352 and 353: Conservation 78:97-106. Carlton, J.
Page 354 and 355: River-specific target spawning requ
Page 356 and 357: pinniger in Canada. Committee on th
Page 358 and 359: comparison of reef maps from 1881 a
Page 360 and 361: Dustan, P. 1985. Community structur
Page 362 and 363: Erickson, D. L. and J. E. Hightower
Page 364 and 365: (Eubalaena glacialis). Aquatic Mamm
Page 366 and 367: Gilmore, M. D. and B. R. Hall. 1976
Page 368 and 369: London. Groot, C. and L. Margolis.
Page 370 and 371: Hanson, B., R. W. Baird, and G. Sch
Page 372 and 373: HDLNR. 2002. Application for an ind
Page 374 and 375: trawl fishery 1962-64. Washington D
Page 376 and 377: Comprehensive Guide to their Identi
Page 378 and 379: Yellowstone Ecosystem. Journal of t
Page 380 and 381: San Juan archipelago. Washington De
Page 382 and 383: Littell, J. S., M. M. Elsner, L. C.
Page 384 and 385: American Meteorological Society 78:
Page 386 and 387: and D. G. McDonald, editors. Global
Page 388 and 389: Mieog, J. C., J. L. Olsen, R. Berke
Page 392 and 393: offshore waters of the North Pacifi
Page 394 and 395: NMFS. 2008d. National Marine Fisher
Page 396 and 397: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. E
Page 398 and 399: pectinata (Elasmobranchiomorphi: Pr
Page 400 and 401: (Lepidochelys kempii). Journal of H
Page 402 and 403: T. B. B. Smith, R., C. F. G. Jeffre
Page 404 and 405: Margolis, editors. Pacific Salmon L
Page 406 and 407: 36:447-453. Seminoff, J. A., A. Res
Page 408 and 409: idley sea turtles: Evidence from ma
Page 410 and 411: Marine Ecology-Progress Series 377:
Page 412 and 413: Quality Criteria for Oil and Grease
Page 414 and 415: Veracruz, Mexico. United States Fis
Page 416 and 417: Virnstein, R. W. and L. J. Morris.
Page 418 and 419: Scotian Rivers have not declined in
Page 420 and 421: Williams, R., D. E. Bain, J. K. B.
Page 422 and 423: under the Endangered Species Act. W
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