Classical Mythology, 7th Edition - obinfonet: dia logou

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CHAPTER 5 THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS: ZEUS, HERA, AND THEIR CHILDREN Thus Zeus is established as lord of gods and men. He is supreme, but he does share his powers with his brothers. Zeus himself assumes the sky as his special sphere; Poseidon, the sea; and Hades, the Underworld. Homer (Iliad 15.187-192) says that they cast lots for their realms. Zeus takes his sister Hera as his wife; she reigns by his side as his queen and subordinate. His sisters Hestia and Demeter share in divine power and functions, as we shall see, and the other major gods and goddesses are also given significant prerogatives and authority as they are born. And so a circle of major deities (fourteen in number) comes into being; their Greek and Roman names are as follows: Zeus (Jupiter), Hera (Juno), Poseidon (Neptune), Hades (Pluto), Hestia (Vesta), Hephaestus (Vulcan), Ares (Mars), Apollo, Artemis (Diana), Demeter (Ceres), Aphrodite (Venus), Athena (Minerva), Hermes (Mercury), and Dionysus (Bacchus). 1 This list was reduced to a canon of twelve Olympians by omitting Hades (whose specific realm is under the earth) and replacing Hestia with Dionysus, a great deity who comes relatively late to Olympus. HESTIA, GODDESS OF THE HEARTH AND ITS FIRE Although her mythology is meager, Hestia is important. She rejected the advances of both Poseidon and Apollo and vowed to remain a virgin; like Athena and Artemis, then, she is a goddess of chastity. 2 But she is primarily the goddess of the hearth and its sacred fire; her name, Hestia, is the Greek word for "hearth." Among primitive peoples fire was obtained with difficulty, kept alive, and revered for its basic importance in daily needs and religious ceremony. The hearth too was the center first of the family and then of the larger political units: the tribe, the city, and the state. Transmission of the sacred fire from one settlement to another represented a continuing bond of sentiment and heredity. Thus both the domestic and the communal hearth were designated as holy, and the goddess herself presided over them. Hestia often gained precedence at banquets and in sacrificial ritual; for as the first-born of Cronus and Rhea she was considered august, one of the older generation of the gods. 108
THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS: ZEUS, HERA, AND THEIR CHILDREN 109 f Cronus m. Rhea I I I I I I Hestia Hades Poseidon Demeter Hera Zeus Zeus m. Hera Zeus m. Metis 1 I I 1 1 Hebe Hephaestus Ares Eileithyia Athena Zeus m. Leto Zeus m. Maia I I I Apollo Artemis Hermes Zeus m. Semele Zeus m. Dione Dionysus Aphrodite Figure 5.1. The Lineage of Major Deities There are two Homeric Hymns to Hestia. Number 24 briefly calls on her as the manifestation of the protecting flame of the sacred hearth in a temple: Hestia, you who tend the hallowed house of the far-shooter Apollo in holy Pytho, liquid oil always drips from your hair. 3 Come to this house; enter in sympathetic support, along with Zeus, the wise counselor. Grant as well a pleasing grace to my song. In number 29, Hestia is invoked as the protectress of the hearth in the home; the poet appeals to the god Hermes as well, since both deities protect the house and bring good fortune. f Hestia, you have as your due an everlasting place in the lofty homes of immortal gods and human beings who walk on earth—the highest of honors and a precious right. For without you, there are no banquets for mortals where one does not offer honey-sweet wine as a libation to Hestia, first and last. And you, Hermes, the slayer of Argus, son of Zeus and Maia, messenger of the blessed gods, bearer of a golden staff and giver of good things, along with
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
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Oxford University Press Oxford New
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PLATES, MAPS, AND FIGURES ix PREFAC
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES COLOR PLAT
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES XI 81 Oedi
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PREFACE This is the seventh edition
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PREFACE XV The Introduction in prev
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Morford is P
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CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND DEFINI
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INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITION OF CL
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CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GREEK MYTH
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CHAPTER 3 MYTHS OF CREATION There w
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MYTHS OF CREATION 53 Another myth o
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MYTHS OF CREATION 55 wonder to prim
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ATHENA 159 all honoring Athena, who
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ATHENA 161 brate the festival of th
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ATHENA 163 birth Athena was reared
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ATHENA 165 Athena. Detail from an A
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ATHENA 167 in a more generic and ab
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ATHENA 169 oning progress and the a
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CHAPTER 9 APHRODITE AND EROS As we
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APHRODITE AND EROS 173
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APHRODITE AND EROS 175 The Godhead
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APHRODITE AND EROS 177 The goddess
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APHRODITE AND EROS 179 youth. Obvio
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APHRODITE AND EROS 181 Venus and An
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APHRODITE AND EROS 183 tiful woods
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APHRODITE AND EROS 185 taken his de
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APHRODITE AND EROS 187 honors, alth
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APHRODITE AND EROS 189 able to tell
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APHRODITE AND EROS 191 a feast and
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APHRODITE AND EROS 193 SOCRATES AND
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APHRODITE AND EROS 195 bridegroom v
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APHRODITE AND EROS 197 ¥ Immediate
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APHRODITE AND EROS 199 NOTES 1. in
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ARTEMIS 201 Artemis the Huntress. R
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ARTEMIS 203 of her primary function
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ARTEMIS 205 out "Actaeon am I; obey
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ARTEMIS 207 ana's side nor be the f
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ARTEMIS Artemis of Ephesus. Alabast
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ARTEMIS 211 favorite of Aphrodite,
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ARTEMIS 213 ¥ APHRODITE: I am call
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ARTEMIS 215 stead may they live and
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ARTEMIS 217 her own life. She confi
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ARTEMIS 219 my unhappy mother, O my
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ARTEMIS 221 your enemies. The god o
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ARTEMIS 223 with the last gasps of
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ARTEMIS 225 3. A rock on Mt. Sipylu
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APOLLO 227 peaks of Pelion, Thracia
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APOLLO 229
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APOLLO 231 a she-dragon by the fair
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APOLLO 233 neath or inside the bowl
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APOLLO 235 entrust them to the leav
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APOLLO 237 all-consuming fire and f
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APOLLO 239 Apollo and Daphne, by Gi
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APOLLO 241 APOLLO, CORONIS, AND ASC
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APOLLO 243 that he dared to challen
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APOLLO 245 knows by experience the
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APOLLO 247 mediately the immortals
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APOLLO 249 me his dear and trusting
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APOLLO *mm** 251
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APOLLO 253 to land? This is the rig
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APOLLO 255 4. It is not difficult t
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CHAPTER 12 HERMES THE BIRTH AND CHI
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HERMES 259 seashore, he wove sandal
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HERMES 261 The old man spoke to him
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HERMES 263 and by arguments. But wh
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HERMES 265 uttered sound I hear is
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HERMES 267 messenger to Hades, who,
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HERMES 269 THE MUTILATION OF THE HE
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HERMES 271 uous exercise of the hun
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HERMES 273 3. As he walks along, He
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DIONYSUS, PAN, ECHO, AND NARCISSUS
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CHAPTER 14 DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINI
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DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIE
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VIEWS OF THE AFTERLIFE: THE REALM O
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ORPHEUS AND ORPHISM: MYSTERY RELIGI
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INTRODUCTION Universal themes are p
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374 THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LE
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CHAPTER 18 THE MYCENAEAN SAGA The l
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o CD Dioscuri Zeus Tyndareus 1^ Hel
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CHAPTER 19 THE TROJAN SAGA AND THE
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440 ¥ PARIS: THE GREEK SAGAS: GREE
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i 1 Telamon m. Hesione Teucer 1 lit
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The Building of the Trojan Horse, b
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CHAPTER 20 THE RETURNS AND THE ODYS
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UT. o 00 bya r 5 Danaus Aegyptuj r~
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Zeus m. Danaë I Perseus m. Androme
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C HAPTER 23 THESEUS AND THE LEGENDS
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Dionysus and Ariadne. Marble sarcop
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Aeolus 3 I I I I I Salmoneus Alcyon
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CHAPTER 25 MYTHS OF LOCAL HEROES AN
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The François Vase. Attic black-fig
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C HAPTER 26 ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAG
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 625 ALPES
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 627 Mars i
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 629 archai
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 631 The se
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 633 obscur
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 635 famous
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 637 on the
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 639 f Guar
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 641 with s
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 643 same p
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 645 Map 26
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 647 who fo
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 649 Underw
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 651 Dido a
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 653 hersel
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 655 Ennius
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 657 f "Go,
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 659 The Oa
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA Rape of Lu
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 663 8. See
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CHAPTER 27 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN L
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN LITERATURE A
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CHAPTER 28 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN M
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN MUSIC, DANCE
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Only a few of t
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GLOSSARY OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORDS AND
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THE GREEK SPELLING OF NAMES 777 Che
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 1-10 1. J
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PLATE 2 Dionysus, kylix by Exekias.
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? & & * |£ ^^H v \i\à ' PLATE 6 T
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PLATE 8 The Discovery of the Infant
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s PLATE 10 Las Manderas (The Weaver
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 11-21 11.
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PLATE 13 The Triumph of Neptune and
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PLATE 15 Earth: Vertumnus and Pomon
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IPSBKTIÎHB S'Y ;.--:«r.i. m&Z
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PLATE 20 Hector and Andromache, by
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INDEXES INDEX OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS,
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INDEXES 1-3 Bruch, Max, 711 Brueghe
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INDEXES 1-5 Erechtheus (Euripides),
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INDEXES 1-7 Hymn to Apollo (Bliss),
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INDEXES 1-9 Mourning Becomes Electr
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INDEXES 1-11 Rapp, Michael, 730 Rec
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INDEXES 1-13 Villa-Lobos, Hector, 7
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INDEXES Alcaeus (al-së' us), fathe
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INDEXES 1-17 Baucis (baw' kis), she
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INDEXES 1-19 from the earth, who lo
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INDEXES 1-21 Eurybië (u-rib' i-e),
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INDEXES 1-23 Icarius (i-kar' i-us):
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INDEXES 1-25 Melpomene (mel-pom' e-
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INDEXES 1-27 Periclymenus (per-i-kl
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INDEXES 1-29 Sphinx (sfinks), "Stra
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