Classical Mythology, 7th Edition - obinfonet: dia logou

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524 THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LEGENDS Hercules and the Lernaean Hydra. By Gustave Moreau (1826-1898); oil on canvas, 1869-1876, 70V2 x 6OV4 in. Moreau, who painted several of Hercules' Labors, devoted enormous effort to this painting. Hercules is young and of normal human size and anatomy. He stands in the attitude (legs reversed) of the Apollo Belvedere (p. 229), with his attributes of lionskin, bow (also Apollo's weapon), and club. The seven-headed Hydra towers over the hero, and in front of it lie the remains of its victims. The rocky cliffs heighten the drama, a suitable setting for the fearless hero. The conquest of the Hydra had long been a parable for the triumph of good government over disorder, but Moreau focuses on the moral stature of the hero rather than on political allegory. (Chicago, Art Institute.)
HERACLES 525 on whose golden horns the nymph Taygete, a daughter of Atlas, had stamped the name of Artemis. 8 Pindar's narrative allows us to connect this labor with that of the Apples of the Hesperides, for in the latter story Heracles goes to the limits of the world in search of a miraculous golden object, and again Ladon (in the form of a dragon) and Atlas appear. 9 The labor of the Apples of the Hesperides is a conquest of death, and it seems that the story of the Cerynean stag is another version of the same theme. 4. The Erymanthian Boar This destructive animal had to be brought back alive from Mt. Erymanthus. Heracles chased the boar into deep snow and there trapped it with nets. He brought it back to Eurystheus, who cowered in terror in a large jar. This labor resulted in a side adventure (or parergon). 10 On his way to the chase, Heracles was entertained by the centaur Pholus, who set before him a jar of wine that belonged to all the centaurs in common. When it was opened, the other centaurs, attracted by its fragrance, attacked Heracles, who repelled and pursued them. Most of them were scattered all over Greece, but Chiron was wounded by one of Heracles' poisoned arrows. Since he was immortal and could not die, he suffered incurable agonies until Prometheus interceded with Zeus and took upon himself the immortality of Chiron. Pholus also met his death when he accidentally dropped a poisoned arrow on his foot. 5. The Augean Stables Augeas, son of Helius (the Sun) and king of Elis, owned vast herds of cattle whose stables had never been cleaned out. Heracles was commanded by Eurystheus to perform the task, and successfully achieved it within one day by diverting the rivers Alpheus and Peneus so that they flowed through the stables. Augeas agreed to give Heracles one-tenth of his herds as a reward, but refused to keep his promise and expelled both Heracles and his own son Phyleus (who had taken Heracles' part in the quarrel). Heracles was received by a nearby prince, Dexamenus (whose name, indeed, means "the receiver"), whose daughter he saved from the centaur Eurytion. After he had finished the Labors, Heracles returned to Elis at the head of an army, took the city, and killed Augeas, making Phyleus king in his place. It was after this expedition that Heracles was said to have instituted the Olympic Games, the greatest of Greek festivals, held every four years in honor of Zeus. He marked out the stadium by pacing it out himself, and he fetched an olive tree from the land of the Hyperboreans to be, as Pindar described it, "a shade for the sacred precinct and a crown of glory for men" (Olympian Odes 3. 16-18), for at that time there were no trees at Olympia, and at the games the victors were awarded a garland of olive leaves. 11 6. The Stymphalian Birds Heracles was required to shoot these creatures, which flocked together in a wood by the Arca<strong>dia</strong>n lake Stymphalus. He flushed them by clashing brazen castanets given him by Athena and then shot them. 12
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
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Oxford University Press Oxford New
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PLATES, MAPS, AND FIGURES ix PREFAC
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES COLOR PLAT
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES XI 81 Oedi
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PREFACE This is the seventh edition
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PREFACE XV The Introduction in prev
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Morford is P
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CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND DEFINI
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INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITION OF CL
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CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GREEK MYTH
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CHAPTER 3 MYTHS OF CREATION There w
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MYTHS OF CREATION 53 Another myth o
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MYTHS OF CREATION 55 wonder to prim
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MYTHS OF CREATION 57 Selene, and Eo
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MYTHS OF CREATION 59 Selene's conti
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MYTHS OF CREATION 61 simply and eff
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MYTHS OF CREATION 63 love, lay on G
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MYTHS OF CREATION 65 after he is de
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MYTHS OF CREATION 67 Gigantomachy.
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MYTHS OF CREATION 69
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MYTHS OF CREATION 71 for power agai
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MYTHS OF CREATION 73 ing a branch,
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MYTHS OF CREATION 75 8. See the bib
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ZEUS' RISE TO POWER: THE CREATION O
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THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS: ZEUS, HERA, A
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 129 dition,
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 131 He argue
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 133 all the
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 135
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 137 solutely
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 139 group of
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 141 Croesus,
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 143 Yet ther
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 145 and God
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CHAPTER 7 POSEIDON, SEA DEITIES, GR
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POSEIDON, SEA DEITIES, GROUP DIVINI
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CHAPTER 8 ATHENA THE BIRTH OF ATHEN
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ATHENA 159 all honoring Athena, who
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ATHENA 161 brate the festival of th
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ATHENA 163 birth Athena was reared
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ATHENA 165 Athena. Detail from an A
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ATHENA 167 in a more generic and ab
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ATHENA 169 oning progress and the a
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CHAPTER 9 APHRODITE AND EROS As we
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APHRODITE AND EROS 173
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APHRODITE AND EROS 175 The Godhead
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APHRODITE AND EROS 177 The goddess
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APHRODITE AND EROS 179 youth. Obvio
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APHRODITE AND EROS 181 Venus and An
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APHRODITE AND EROS 183 tiful woods
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APHRODITE AND EROS 185 taken his de
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APHRODITE AND EROS 187 honors, alth
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APHRODITE AND EROS 189 able to tell
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APHRODITE AND EROS 191 a feast and
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APHRODITE AND EROS 193 SOCRATES AND
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APHRODITE AND EROS 195 bridegroom v
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APHRODITE AND EROS 197 ¥ Immediate
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APHRODITE AND EROS 199 NOTES 1. in
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ARTEMIS 201 Artemis the Huntress. R
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ARTEMIS 203 of her primary function
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ARTEMIS 205 out "Actaeon am I; obey
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ARTEMIS 207 ana's side nor be the f
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ARTEMIS Artemis of Ephesus. Alabast
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ARTEMIS 211 favorite of Aphrodite,
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ARTEMIS 213 ¥ APHRODITE: I am call
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ARTEMIS 215 stead may they live and
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ARTEMIS 217 her own life. She confi
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ARTEMIS 219 my unhappy mother, O my
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ARTEMIS 221 your enemies. The god o
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ARTEMIS 223 with the last gasps of
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ARTEMIS 225 3. A rock on Mt. Sipylu
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APOLLO 227 peaks of Pelion, Thracia
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APOLLO 229
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APOLLO 231 a she-dragon by the fair
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APOLLO 233 neath or inside the bowl
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APOLLO 235 entrust them to the leav
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APOLLO 237 all-consuming fire and f
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APOLLO 239 Apollo and Daphne, by Gi
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APOLLO 241 APOLLO, CORONIS, AND ASC
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APOLLO 243 that he dared to challen
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APOLLO 245 knows by experience the
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APOLLO 247 mediately the immortals
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APOLLO 249 me his dear and trusting
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APOLLO *mm** 251
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APOLLO 253 to land? This is the rig
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APOLLO 255 4. It is not difficult t
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CHAPTER 12 HERMES THE BIRTH AND CHI
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HERMES 259 seashore, he wove sandal
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HERMES 261 The old man spoke to him
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HERMES 263 and by arguments. But wh
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HERMES 265 uttered sound I hear is
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HERMES 267 messenger to Hades, who,
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HERMES 269 THE MUTILATION OF THE HE
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HERMES 271 uous exercise of the hun
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HERMES 273 3. As he walks along, He
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DIONYSUS, PAN, ECHO, AND NARCISSUS
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CHAPTER 14 DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINI
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DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIE
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VIEWS OF THE AFTERLIFE: THE REALM O
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ORPHEUS AND ORPHISM: MYSTERY RELIGI
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INTRODUCTION Universal themes are p
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374 THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LE
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CHAPTER 18 THE MYCENAEAN SAGA The l
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o CD Dioscuri Zeus Tyndareus 1^ Hel
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CHAPTER 19 THE TROJAN SAGA AND THE
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440 ¥ PARIS: THE GREEK SAGAS: GREE
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i 1 Telamon m. Hesione Teucer 1 lit
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Aeolus 3 I I I I I Salmoneus Alcyon
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CHAPTER 25 MYTHS OF LOCAL HEROES AN
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The François Vase. Attic black-fig
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C HAPTER 26 ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAG
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 625 ALPES
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 627 Mars i
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 629 archai
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 631 The se
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 633 obscur
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 635 famous
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 637 on the
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 639 f Guar
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 641 with s
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 643 same p
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 645 Map 26
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 647 who fo
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 649 Underw
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 651 Dido a
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 653 hersel
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 655 Ennius
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 657 f "Go,
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 659 The Oa
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA Rape of Lu
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 663 8. See
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CHAPTER 27 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN L
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN LITERATURE A
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CHAPTER 28 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN M
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN MUSIC, DANCE
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Only a few of t
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GLOSSARY OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORDS AND
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THE GREEK SPELLING OF NAMES 777 Che
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 1-10 1. J
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PLATE 2 Dionysus, kylix by Exekias.
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? & & * |£ ^^H v \i\à ' PLATE 6 T
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PLATE 8 The Discovery of the Infant
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s PLATE 10 Las Manderas (The Weaver
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 11-21 11.
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PLATE 13 The Triumph of Neptune and
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PLATE 15 Earth: Vertumnus and Pomon
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IPSBKTIÎHB S'Y ;.--:«r.i. m&Z
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PLATE 20 Hector and Andromache, by
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INDEXES INDEX OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS,
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INDEXES 1-3 Bruch, Max, 711 Brueghe
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INDEXES 1-5 Erechtheus (Euripides),
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INDEXES 1-7 Hymn to Apollo (Bliss),
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INDEXES 1-9 Mourning Becomes Electr
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INDEXES 1-11 Rapp, Michael, 730 Rec
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INDEXES 1-13 Villa-Lobos, Hector, 7
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INDEXES Alcaeus (al-së' us), fathe
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INDEXES 1-17 Baucis (baw' kis), she
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INDEXES 1-19 from the earth, who lo
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INDEXES 1-21 Eurybië (u-rib' i-e),
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INDEXES 1-23 Icarius (i-kar' i-us):
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INDEXES 1-25 Melpomene (mel-pom' e-
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INDEXES 1-27 Periclymenus (per-i-kl
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INDEXES 1-29 Sphinx (sfinks), "Stra
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