Classical Mythology, 7th Edition - obinfonet: dia logou

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438 THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LEGENDS THE JUDGMENT OF PARIS The Olympian gods were guests at the wedding feast of Peleus and Thetis. During the feast, Eris, goddess of Discord (who was not a guest), threw onto the table an apple inscribed with the words 'Tor the most beautiful." Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite each claimed it, and Zeus decided that the argument should be settled by Paris. Now Paris had been exposed as an infant because of a dream that came to his mother Hecuba (the Greek form of her name is Hekabe) before his birth. She dreamed that she had given birth to a firebrand that consumed the whole of Troy, and a soothsayer 5 foretold that her baby would be the destruction of the city. The infant was exposed on Mt. Ida, and suckled by a bear. He was found and brought up by a shepherd. Hermes led the three goddesses to him, and each offered the best gift she could provide in return for his favorable decision. Hera promised him royal power and Athena, victory in war, while Aphrodite promised Helen as his wife. He chose Aphrodite, and so the train of events that led to the Trojan War was set in motion, in which Hera and Athena were hostile to the Trojans. Lucian (Dialogues of the Gods 20) offers a satiric version of the judgment of Paris, in tone not unlike Cranach's painting. The sardonic wit of his portrayal illuminates the bitter rivalry, ruthless ambition, and irresponsible passion of the characters, and in so doing they intensify the horror of the tragic events to follow. How bitterly ironic is Paris' response to Athena: "War and battles serve absolutely no purpose to me. As you see, there is peace throughout Phrygia and Ly<strong>dia</strong> and the entire kingdom of my father." The satire begins as Zeus gives the golden apple to Hermes with directions to take it and the three goddesses to Paris, who is tending his flocks on Mt. Ida. Hermes is to tell Paris that he has been chosen to make the decision because he is so handsome and knowledgeable in matters of love. Zeus disqualifies himself as judge by saying that he loves all three equally and that if he gives the apple to one he will incur the anger of the others. The goddesses agree to Zeus' scheme and fly away to Ida with Hermes as their guide. In the course of the journey, each goddess asks for pertinent information about their judge, Paris. As they approach Mt. Ida, Hermes decides that they had better make a landing and walk up to Paris amiably, rather than frighten him by swooping down from the sky. Hermes explains everything to the bewildered Paris and hands him the golden apple with its inscription: f PARIS: Well then, look at what it says: "Let the beautiful one take me." Now, lord Hermes, I am a mere mortal and from the country; how am I to become the judge of this marvelous spectacle, too great for a herdsman to handle? To make a decision such as this is a job for a city sophisticate. I could probably judge which is the more beautiful in a contest between two she-goats or two cows, but all these goddesses are equally beautiful. Their beauty surrounds and engulfs me completely. My only regret is that I am not Argus, and so I cannot look at them with eyes all over my body. It seems to me that my best judgment would be to give the apple to all three. For, besides everything else, this one happens
THE TROJAN SAGA AND THE ILIAD 439 The Judgment of Paris, by Lucas Cranach the Elder (1472-1553); oil on panel, 1530,13 V2 X 8 3 /4 in. This tiny painting wittily exploits the incongruities of a tale where great goddesses appear naked before a shepherd. Paris is a corpulent Renaissance knight in armor and foppish hat, while Hermes is an aged warrior (barefoot, as befits a god) whose decrepit appearance sets off the sensuality of the goddesses. Aphrodite looks fully at the viewer, while Athena rests her arm on Hermes. In the background the towers and spires of Troy can be seen. Cupid draws his bow above, and to the left the horse seems to add his own view of the contest. (Staatliche Kunsthalle, Karlsruhe, Germany. Reproduced by permission of Staatliche Kunsthalle.) to be the sister and wife of Zeus, and these two are his daughters. Doesn't all this make the decision extremely difficult? HERMES: I don't know. Yet it is impossible to avoid an order given by Zeus. PARIS: Just this one request, Hermes. Convince them—I mean the two who
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY
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Oxford University Press Oxford New
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PLATES, MAPS, AND FIGURES ix PREFAC
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES COLOR PLAT
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PLATES, MAPS AND FIGURES XI 81 Oedi
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PREFACE This is the seventh edition
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PREFACE XV The Introduction in prev
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS Mark Morford is P
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CHAPTER 1 INTERPRETATION AND DEFINI
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INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITION OF CL
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CHAPTER 2 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF
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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF GREEK MYTH
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CHAPTER 3 MYTHS OF CREATION There w
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MYTHS OF CREATION 53 Another myth o
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MYTHS OF CREATION 55 wonder to prim
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MYTHS OF CREATION 57 Selene, and Eo
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MYTHS OF CREATION 59 Selene's conti
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MYTHS OF CREATION 61 simply and eff
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MYTHS OF CREATION 63 love, lay on G
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MYTHS OF CREATION 65 after he is de
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MYTHS OF CREATION 67 Gigantomachy.
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MYTHS OF CREATION 69
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MYTHS OF CREATION 71 for power agai
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MYTHS OF CREATION 73 ing a branch,
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MYTHS OF CREATION 75 8. See the bib
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ZEUS' RISE TO POWER: THE CREATION O
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THE TWELVE OLYMPIANS: ZEUS, HERA, A
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 129 dition,
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 131 He argue
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 133 all the
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 135
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 137 solutely
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 139 group of
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 141 Croesus,
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 143 Yet ther
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THE NATURE OF THE GODS 145 and God
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CHAPTER 7 POSEIDON, SEA DEITIES, GR
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POSEIDON, SEA DEITIES, GROUP DIVINI
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CHAPTER 8 ATHENA THE BIRTH OF ATHEN
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ATHENA 159 all honoring Athena, who
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ATHENA 161 brate the festival of th
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ATHENA 163 birth Athena was reared
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ATHENA 165 Athena. Detail from an A
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ATHENA 167 in a more generic and ab
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ATHENA 169 oning progress and the a
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CHAPTER 9 APHRODITE AND EROS As we
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APHRODITE AND EROS 173
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APHRODITE AND EROS 175 The Godhead
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APHRODITE AND EROS 177 The goddess
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APHRODITE AND EROS 179 youth. Obvio
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APHRODITE AND EROS 181 Venus and An
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APHRODITE AND EROS 183 tiful woods
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APHRODITE AND EROS 185 taken his de
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APHRODITE AND EROS 187 honors, alth
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APHRODITE AND EROS 189 able to tell
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APHRODITE AND EROS 191 a feast and
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APHRODITE AND EROS 193 SOCRATES AND
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APHRODITE AND EROS 195 bridegroom v
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APHRODITE AND EROS 197 ¥ Immediate
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APHRODITE AND EROS 199 NOTES 1. in
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ARTEMIS 201 Artemis the Huntress. R
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ARTEMIS 203 of her primary function
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ARTEMIS 205 out "Actaeon am I; obey
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ARTEMIS 207 ana's side nor be the f
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ARTEMIS Artemis of Ephesus. Alabast
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ARTEMIS 211 favorite of Aphrodite,
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ARTEMIS 213 ¥ APHRODITE: I am call
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ARTEMIS 215 stead may they live and
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ARTEMIS 217 her own life. She confi
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ARTEMIS 219 my unhappy mother, O my
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ARTEMIS 221 your enemies. The god o
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ARTEMIS 223 with the last gasps of
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ARTEMIS 225 3. A rock on Mt. Sipylu
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APOLLO 227 peaks of Pelion, Thracia
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APOLLO 229
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APOLLO 231 a she-dragon by the fair
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APOLLO 233 neath or inside the bowl
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APOLLO 235 entrust them to the leav
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APOLLO 237 all-consuming fire and f
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APOLLO 239 Apollo and Daphne, by Gi
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APOLLO 241 APOLLO, CORONIS, AND ASC
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APOLLO 243 that he dared to challen
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APOLLO 245 knows by experience the
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APOLLO 247 mediately the immortals
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APOLLO 249 me his dear and trusting
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APOLLO *mm** 251
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APOLLO 253 to land? This is the rig
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APOLLO 255 4. It is not difficult t
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CHAPTER 12 HERMES THE BIRTH AND CHI
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HERMES 259 seashore, he wove sandal
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HERMES 261 The old man spoke to him
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HERMES 263 and by arguments. But wh
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HERMES 265 uttered sound I hear is
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HERMES 267 messenger to Hades, who,
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HERMES 269 THE MUTILATION OF THE HE
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HERMES 271 uous exercise of the hun
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HERMES 273 3. As he walks along, He
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DIONYSUS, PAN, ECHO, AND NARCISSUS
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CHAPTER 14 DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINI
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DEMETER AND THE ELEUSINIAN MYSTERIE
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VIEWS OF THE AFTERLIFE: THE REALM O
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ORPHEUS AND ORPHISM: MYSTERY RELIGI
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INTRODUCTION Universal themes are p
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374 THE GREEK SAGAS: GREEK LOCAL LE
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UT. o 00 bya r 5 Danaus Aegyptuj r~
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Zeus m. Danaë I Perseus m. Androme
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C HAPTER 23 THESEUS AND THE LEGENDS
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Dionysus and Ariadne. Marble sarcop
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Aeolus 3 I I I I I Salmoneus Alcyon
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CHAPTER 25 MYTHS OF LOCAL HEROES AN
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The François Vase. Attic black-fig
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C HAPTER 26 ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAG
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 625 ALPES
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 627 Mars i
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 629 archai
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 631 The se
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 633 obscur
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 635 famous
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 637 on the
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 639 f Guar
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 641 with s
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 643 same p
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 645 Map 26
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 647 who fo
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 649 Underw
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 651 Dido a
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 653 hersel
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 655 Ennius
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 657 f "Go,
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 659 The Oa
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA Rape of Lu
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ROMAN MYTHOLOGY AND SAGA 663 8. See
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CHAPTER 27 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN L
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN LITERATURE A
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CHAPTER 28 CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN M
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CLASSICAL MYTHOLOGY IN MUSIC, DANCE
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SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY Only a few of t
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GLOSSARY OF MYTHOLOGICAL WORDS AND
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THE GREEK SPELLING OF NAMES 777 Che
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 1-10 1. J
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PLATE 2 Dionysus, kylix by Exekias.
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? & & * |£ ^^H v \i\à ' PLATE 6 T
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PLATE 8 The Discovery of the Infant
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s PLATE 10 Las Manderas (The Weaver
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CAPTIONS FOR COLOR PLATES 11-21 11.
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PLATE 13 The Triumph of Neptune and
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PLATE 15 Earth: Vertumnus and Pomon
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IPSBKTIÎHB S'Y ;.--:«r.i. m&Z
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PLATE 20 Hector and Andromache, by
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INDEXES INDEX OF AUTHORS, ARTISTS,
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INDEXES 1-3 Bruch, Max, 711 Brueghe
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INDEXES 1-5 Erechtheus (Euripides),
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INDEXES 1-7 Hymn to Apollo (Bliss),
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INDEXES 1-9 Mourning Becomes Electr
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INDEXES 1-11 Rapp, Michael, 730 Rec
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INDEXES 1-13 Villa-Lobos, Hector, 7
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INDEXES Alcaeus (al-së' us), fathe
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INDEXES 1-17 Baucis (baw' kis), she
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INDEXES 1-19 from the earth, who lo
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INDEXES 1-21 Eurybië (u-rib' i-e),
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INDEXES 1-23 Icarius (i-kar' i-us):
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INDEXES 1-25 Melpomene (mel-pom' e-
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INDEXES 1-27 Periclymenus (per-i-kl
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INDEXES 1-29 Sphinx (sfinks), "Stra
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