Aloes and Lilies of Ethiopia and Eritrea

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10 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Fig.1. Semien Mountains, Gonder floristic region. a dramatic sight with land falling away into a broad gorge up to 2000 m deep. Whereas the upper parts of the Rift Valley are covered in evergreen forest to grassland, the bottom of the gorge is a land of hot, dry savannahs and deserts, with groups of large lakes. The natural landscape of Ethiopia has been greatly affected by human activities, especially agricultural ones over many centuries (Sebsebe Demissew, et al. 2003). Eritrea (c. 124.320 km 2 ) is located in North East Africa between 12° and 18° north, and 36° and 44° east and includes the Dahlak Archipelago and other islands along the Red Sea coast (http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritreageography.htm). It shows geographical variation varying between near Lake Kulul within the Afar Depression 75 m below sea level to the highest point in Mt. Soira at 3018 m. The central plateau varies from 1800 to 3000 m (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Eritrea). Climate Ethiopia exhibits a wide variation in its climate. In the Semien and Bale Mountains snowfalls are periodically experienced; in the Danikil Desert, daytime temperatures can reach 50°C or more. As a rule, the central highlands have a temperate climate without extremes of temperature. In contrast, the eastern and southern lowlands are hot and the southern rift valley has a hot and seasonally moist climate.
Temperature Rainfall A B INTRODUCTION 11 Eritrea also exhibits a variation in its climate. In the northcentral parts of the country with highlands ranging between 1800 and 3000 m experience a cooler climate, while the eastern lowlands along the Red Sea coast and the western plains towards the Sudan border experience a very hot climate (http://www.eritrea.be/old/eritreageography.htm). Elevation, temperature and rainfall are thus the major influences on the climate of both Ethiopia and Eritrea. In Ethiopia, temperature is mainly influenced by latitude and elevation (Ethiopian Mapping Authority, 1988). True tropical temperatures are encountered in lowlying areas, especially in the east, south and west along the country’s borders. Much of the central part of Ethiopia is mountainous, with the highest peaks reaching to over 4000 m. Because the highlands mostly lie over 1500 m altitude, typical tropical temperatures are unusual. Thus temperature decreases towards the interior, with the mean annual temperature ranging from about 40°C in the lowlands to less than 10°C in the highest areas. Daily extremes of temperature can be experienced, depending on one's location. In Eritrea, the temperature is hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast and cooler and wetter in the central highlands with areas that reach to 3000 m. The rainfall pattern in Ethiopia is influenced by two rainbearing wind systems, one bringing the westerly winds from the South Atlantic and the other bringing the easterly winds from the Indian Ocean and from the Arabian Sea. The two systems alternate, producing different rainfall regimes in different parts of the country. Four major rainfall regimes experienced in Ethiopia are shown in Fig. 2 and are characterized as follows. The central, eastern and northeastern areas of the country receive a bimodal (two peak) rainfall pattern. The small spring rains between February and May come from the Arabian Sea and the big summer rains, between June and September, mainly come from the South Atlantic, but also from the Indian Ocean. Both these periods of rain decrease in length and amount northwards. The southwestern and western areas of the country have a single wet period, usually between May and September.
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Page 44 and 45: 42 ALOACEAE ALOACEAE The members of
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Page 56 and 57: 54 ALOACEAE Aloe trichosantha ssp.
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60 ALOACEAE Fig. 26. Aloe schoeller
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62 ALOACEAE Description Habitat and
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66 ALOACEAE Habitat and distributio
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68 ALOACEAE Fig 30. Aloe ruspoliana
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70 ALOACEAE Habitat and distributio
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74 ALOACEAE Aloe rugosifolia Descri
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78 ALOACEAE Fig. 37. Aloe percrassa
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80 ALOACEAE Aloe steudneri (24-30 m
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84 ALOACEAE Fig. 42. Aloe trigonant
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86 ALOACEAE Fig. 44. Aloe secundifl
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90 ALOACEAE Fig. 47. Aloe camperi,
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92 ALOACEAE Fig. 48. Aloe adigratan
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94 ALOACEAE Fig. 50. Aloe calidophi
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96 ALOACEAE Fig. 51. Aloe megalacan
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98 ALOACEAE Fig. 52. Aloe gilbertii
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100 ALOACEAE Fig. 54. Aloe ghibensi
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102 ALOACEAE Aloe yavellana Descrip
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104 ALOACEAE Description Habitat an
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106 ALOACEAE Fig. 58. Aloe tewoldei
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108 ALOACEAE Habitat and distributi
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110 ALOACEAE Distribution and class
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112 ASPHODELACEAE Key to genera The
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114 ASPHODELACEAE Kniphofia pumila
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116 ASPHODELACEAE Fig. 61. Kniphofi
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118 ASPHODELACEAE Kniphofia insigni
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120 ASPHODELACEAE Fig. 64 (left): K
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122 ASPHODELACEAE Fig. 66. Bulbine
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124 ASPHODELACEAE Fig. 67. Jodrelli
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126 ASPHODELACEAE Fig. 68. Trachyan
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128 ANTHERICACEAE Chemistry and use
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130 ANTHERICACEAE Key to the specie
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132 ANTHERICACEAE Fig. 69. Antheric
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134 ANTHERICACEAE Habitat and distr
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136 ANTHERICACEAE Key to the specie
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138 ANTHERICACEAE 15. Roots wiry wi
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140 ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum long
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142 ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum duci
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148 ANTHERICACEAE Fig. 76. Chloroph
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150 ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum humi
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152 ANTHERICACEAE Fig. 79. Chloroph
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154 ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum subp
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158 ANTHERICACEAE Description Habit
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164 AMARYLLIDACEAE 4. Leaves in a b
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166 AMARYLLIDACEAE Scadoxus nutans
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168 AMARYLLIDACEAE Fig. 82. Scadoxu
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170 AMARYLLIDACEAE Habitat and dist
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172 AMARYLLIDACEAE Conservation Key
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174 AMARYLLIDACEAE Crinum macowanii
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176 AMARYLLIDACEAE Notes Crinum aby
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178 AMARYLLIDACEAE Fig. 87. Ammocha
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180 AMARYLLIDACEAE Fig. 88. Pancrat
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182 AMARYLLIDACEAE Description Habi
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184 HYACINTHACEAE Chemistry and use
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186 HYACINTHACEAE Description Habit
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188 HYACINTHACEAE Dipcadi marlothii
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190 HYACINTHACEAE Fig. 91. Drimiops
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192 HYACINTHACEAE Key to the specie
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194 HYACINTHACEAE Habitat and distr
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198 HYACINTHACEAE Habitat and distr
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200 HYACINTHACEAE Fig. 95. Drimia a
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202 HYACINTHACEAE Fig. 96. Albuca a
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208 ALLIACEAE 5. Umbel without brac
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210 ALLIACEAE Distribution and clas
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212 COLCHICACEAE - Flowers solitary
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214 COLCHICACEAE Gloriosa baudii Fi
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216 COLCHICACEAE Fig. 100. Littonia
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218 COLCHICACEAE Habitat and distri
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220 COLCHICACEAE Key to the species
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222 COLCHICACEAE Habitat and distri
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224 IRIDACEAE Conservation Key to g
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226 IRIDACEAE Key to the species 1.
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228 IRIDACEAE Key to the species an
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230 IRIDACEAE Fig. 104. Moraea schi
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232 IRIDACEAE Fig. 105. Lapeirousia
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234 IRIDACEAE Dierama cupuliflorum
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236 IRIDACEAE Description Habitat a
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240 IRIDACEAE Zygotritonia praecox
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242 IRIDACEAE Key to the species le
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244 IRIDACEAE 15. Flower more than
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246 IRIDACEAE Habitat and distribut
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250 IRIDACEAE Gladiolus dalenii sub
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252 IRIDACEAE Fig. 113. Gladiolus p
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260 HYPOXIDACEAE HYPOXIDACEAE Withi
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262 HYPOXIDACEAE Reproduction 1. HY
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264 HYPOXIDACEAE - Robust plants, l
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266 HYPOXIDACEAE Fig. 116. Hypoxis
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268 HYPOXIDACEAE Fig. 117. Hypoxis
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270 HYPOXIDACEAE Description Habita
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272 ERIOSPERMACEAE Key to the speci
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274 DRACAENACEAE Distribution and c
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276 DRACAENACEAE Dracaena afromonta
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278 DRACAENACEAE Habitat and distri
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280 DRACAENACEAE Subspecies key Dra
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284 DRACAENACEAE Key to the species
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286 DRACAENACEAE Sansevieria fische
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290 ASPARAGACEAE Distribution and c
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292 ASPARAGACEAE 9. Cladodes (25-)3
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294 ASPARAGACEAE Description Habita
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296 ASPARAGACEAE Fig. 128. Asparagu
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302 ASPARAGACEAE Habitat and distri
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304 ASPARAGACEAE Description Habita
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306 DIOSCOREACEAE Use and chemistry
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308 DIOSCOREACEAE - Leaves ovate-la
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310 DIOSCOREACEAE Fig. 133. Dioscor
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312 DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea gillett
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314 DIOSCOREACEAE Habitat and distr
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316 DIOSCOREACEAE Description Habit
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318 DIOSCOREACEAE Dioscorea sagitti
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320 TACCACEAE Tacca leontopetaloide
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322 ALOACEAE Fig. 136. Smilax ancep
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324 SMILACACEAE and also in Eritrea
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326 VELLOZIACEAE Distribution and r
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328 VELLOZIACEAE Habitat and distri
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330 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Li
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332 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA mu
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334 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Li
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336 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA No
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338 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA In
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340 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Al
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342 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA CA
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344 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA DI
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346 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA HE
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348 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA Ox
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350 ALOES AND LILIES OF ETHIOPIA WA
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352 ALOACEAE
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354 ALOACEAE
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