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NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views or policy of the Department of Transportation, but is a compilation of recent research and design concepts. This report does not constitute a standard, spedfication, or regulation. The United States Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered es&M to the object of this document. 3.0.4
PURPOSE This paper summarizes data concerning la:erai whee! Cis:;;j~,om azb Tresents condusions based on that data. It aiso examines the advantages of ex:er.d?~ !or w:dened) portland cement concrete (KC) pavernent slabs in :erms of +,e!r e+c: on stress, strain, detlection, and KC pavement deterioration. B.ACKGROZ;‘ND Early road widths were only 15 fi (3.6 mf, wide enough to handle +,e i.exlan& of horse-drawn vehicles. Following the discovery of the internai combustion eng:ne and the development of motorized vehicles, traffic steadilv increased. Tze wtd:,? or roadways increased to 16 ft (4.9 m), and then to 18 ft (5.3 ‘m). Bv the late 1925’s. primary paved roadways were needed and the construction of lb ti (3.0 m) lar,es :X it [6.1 m] roadway) were standard practice. Today, conventional designs use I2 t’: (3.7 m) lanes as standard practice. PAST STUDIES AND COMMENTS ON THE DATA The lateral location of traffic in the travel lane is the criteria to determine that a 12-h (3.7 III) channeiized lane is wide enough to withstand the re+tive loads of heavy truck traffic, and there have been several studies to determine the lateral truck wheel distribution in the pavement lane. These studies were generally initiated for design and safety concerns. There recently has been consideration of PCC Tavement stresses and deflections and their connection with lateral wheel loads and shouider encroachments. The studies’attempt to detexmine the lateral wheei distribution and evaluate the damage done by differing transverse loads to help designers in building an adequate pavement structure. To summarize the information on lateral whee! distribution and the probability of pavement edge and shoulder encroachment, the results from a number of studies on lateral wheel path trtific distribution are highlighted in the following text The first study on lateral wheel distribution was completed by Taragin oi the Federal Highway Administration in 1958.“’ This data, which is sti!l used in both current PCC and asphalt concrete (AC) pavement design, showed that the highest frequency of travel and mean travel path distance occurred at little more than 2 !t (0.61 m> from the right pavement edge. The findings stated that an average oi 2.3 percent of the mainline truck traffic encroached up to 12 in (305 mm) on the outside shoulder of the test section. The findings aiso stated that about 4 percent of the overall traffic drove cioser to the edge than 12 in (305 mm). Taragin’s study was completed on 124 (3.7 m) pavement lanes with unpaved shoulders. The applicability of these results for current conditions can be questioned. There is some thought that the unpaved shoulders in the study may have been an 3.8.5
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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
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h. The most common types of pavemen
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Fidh'X TECHSiC.AL .AL1L~!SC!?'r' T
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F!-ih'.A TECHN1C.U XDI'IS3RY T 5010
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TABLE 3. MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TIEBAR
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?%‘.4 TECHWIC.4L ADVISORY T 3040.
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. C ‘i!\‘*A . . T’ECHSIC4L .U
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CH!\‘.?l TECZSIC'.AL ADVISORY T 5
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TIEBAR PULL-OUT TESTS Proper consol
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'1iK.A TECHNICAL XDVISCIRY T 5040.3
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TECHNICAL PAPER 89-03 -- Benefits o
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critical, as the restraint forces d
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TECRWICAL PAPER 89-04 -- PREFORMED
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maximum expansion. This will allow
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When sealing a width of two lanes o
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BXAHPLB B: The State elects to chan
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References 1. l'Design and Control
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Based on Kansas Standard Plan 707.2
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SlJbJect- Dowel Bar Inserters Date
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Dowel Bar Placement: pechanical Ins
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . .
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In July of 1988 this need for addit
Page 49 and 50: _i -. Corinu Procedure: A metal det
Page 51 and 52: PLACEMENT TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Page 53 and 54: placing dowels in a satisfactory cl
Page 55 and 56: ar inserter. On the first inserter
Page 57 and 58: extensive searches if a problem is
Page 59 and 60: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (continued)
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 1. DESCRIPIIOR OF PROJECYS IW
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 3. RANDOM SAMPLING SEQUENCE F
Page 65 and 66: .FICURE 1. COWEURAT?ON AND NuMBml;
Page 67: : __ APPENDIX A. DETAILED DATA FOR
Page 70 and 71: FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
Page 74 and 75: FHWA TECiNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
Page 76 and 77: l.onghJdinal SECTION A-A onalmclion
Page 83: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. REFE
Page 86 and 87: CASE STUDY - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCE
Page 88 and 89: serve as a leveling course, to corr
Page 90 and 91: v. Details of Field Review It was n
Page 92 and 93: practice, chloride contents above 1
Page 94 and 95: pavement is constructed, we also re
Page 96 and 97: Sing1 e Lane Longitudfnal Bat CRCP
Page 99: LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBCTION AND THE L
Page 103 and 104: .A thxd study was ?e?ormed 5~ :he S
Page 105 and 106: __. Table 2. Encroachments on outsi
Page 107 and 108: The results presented by Ezery :\*e
Page 109 and 110: from the siab edge. The number of t
Page 111 and 112: -1 5 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 51 6i
Page 113 and 114: .A ::cleoier:Cai ?'.'3iU2::0:: Oi 5
Page 116 and 117: .M~&$iU~eTle~t!S and eStZbliSkfXl t
Page 118 and 119: Photos 5 k 6 - Two examples of wide
Page 120 and 121: 0 ,A KC pavement that is widened 18
Page 122 and 123: 13. Gordon K. Ray, ‘Concrete Shou
Page 125 and 126: I-60 Lmqitudinal CrackFnq - l988 in
Page 127 and 128: ill operatfms were cm@etM by July 1
Page 129 and 130: US. Deparmenr ol Transpoftarxx Fede
Page 135 and 136: FHWA TECHKICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
Page 139 and 140: L 2 R'RWA TECEXICAL ADVISORY T 5080
Page 145 and 146: FFIWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17
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Page 149 and 150: 7i%iA TZCHKICAL ADVISCRY T 5C80.17
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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1. Platerials FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISO
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3. Mixins B. Batchers (1) (2) (3) (
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FHWA TECHNICAL ADVIS
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8. TEMPERATURE CONTROL FHWA TECHNIC
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1. SUBBASE TRIYMING FHWA TECHNICAL
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12. 13. 14. TRUCK REGUIREMENTS FHWA
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16. THICKNESS TEST FHWA TECHNICAL A
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25. 26. (cl (d) FHWA TECHNICAL ADVI
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IO IS 20 25 x> Air temp., OC To use
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FHWA TECHNIC= ADVISORY T 5080.17 ju
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FHWA TECHNICti ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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RSQUIREMENTS 1’. General Retireme
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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48Cl Sum&y of State Highway Practic
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Quotatims (con’t~ (30); &lignment
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We recognize that some States have
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