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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 July 14, 1994 (3) W (f) (9) testing as described by ASTM C 666 indicates this to be a problem, it is recommended that the air content be increased by 1% percent. Calcium chloride, the most commonly used accelerator, has been associated with corrosion of reinforcing steel and should not be used where reinforcing steel is present. In addition to the corrosion problem calcium chloride also reduces sulfate resistance, increases alkali-aggregate reaction, and increases shrinkage. Calcium chloride should not be used in hot weather conditions, prestressed concrete, or steam cured concrete. In applications using calcium chloride, the dosage rate should be limited to 2 percent by weight of cement. Non-Calcium Chloride accelerators are available and can be used where reinforcing steel is present. However, care must be taken in selecting these since some may be soluble salts which can also aggravate corrosion. Calcium Nitrate, which can be used as a corrosion inhibitor, also can function as an accelerator. There are no consensus standards available for the use of this material. Manufacturer specification sheets should be consulted for proper use. Mineral admixtures include fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, natural pozzolans, lime, and microsilica (microsilica is also known as silica fume). Currently all of these materials are being used as additives or to reduce cement contents. Mineral admixtures are accepted based on approved sources with certifications and verification samples. 3.10.8
FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 July 14, 1994 (a) According to the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) C 618 and AASHTO M 295 there are two classes of fly ash, class C and class F. Since variability in fineness and carbon content can affect air content, the optional uniformity specifications in AASHTO M 295 should be specified when air entrained concrete is used. ashes with LOI values less than 3 Fly percent will typically not affect air content. Vinsol resin air entrainment admixtures should be specified when fly ash with LO1 higher than 3 percent is used. . .A Fly ash may be used as a supplement or a replacement and is typically limited to 15 to 25 percent. If it is used as a replacement, it replaces cement on a 1.0 to 1.2:l \ basis by weight. 2 Fly ash can be used to increase workability, reduce permeability, and mitigate alkali silica reaction (ASR); some Class C can make it worse. Class F fly ash with a calcium oxide content less than 10 percent can be used to mitigate ASR and sulfate attack. Fly ash ..with a calcium oxide content greater than 10 percent should be used in concrete which will be subjected to sulfate attack only with verification testing. This percentage and fly ash . classification should only be used as a guide; further qualification should be based on ASTM C 452. ;I The cementing action with fly ash is pozzolanic in nature. The pozzolanic reaction with fly ash stops at approximately 4O Celsius. 3.1‘0.9
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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
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h. The most common types of pavemen
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Fidh'X TECHSiC.AL .AL1L~!SC!?'r' T
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F!-ih'.A TECHN1C.U XDI'IS3RY T 5010
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TABLE 3. MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TIEBAR
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?%‘.4 TECHWIC.4L ADVISORY T 3040.
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. C ‘i!\‘*A . . T’ECHSIC4L .U
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CH!\‘.?l TECZSIC'.AL ADVISORY T 5
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TIEBAR PULL-OUT TESTS Proper consol
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'1iK.A TECHNICAL XDVISCIRY T 5040.3
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TECHNICAL PAPER 89-03 -- Benefits o
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critical, as the restraint forces d
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TECRWICAL PAPER 89-04 -- PREFORMED
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maximum expansion. This will allow
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When sealing a width of two lanes o
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BXAHPLB B: The State elects to chan
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References 1. l'Design and Control
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Based on Kansas Standard Plan 707.2
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SlJbJect- Dowel Bar Inserters Date
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Dowel Bar Placement: pechanical Ins
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . .
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In July of 1988 this need for addit
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_i -. Corinu Procedure: A metal det
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PLACEMENT TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS
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placing dowels in a satisfactory cl
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ar inserter. On the first inserter
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extensive searches if a problem is
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (continued)
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TABLE 1. DESCRIPIIOR OF PROJECYS IW
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TABLE 3. RANDOM SAMPLING SEQUENCE F
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.FICURE 1. COWEURAT?ON AND NuMBml;
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: __ APPENDIX A. DETAILED DATA FOR
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
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FHWA TECiNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
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l.onghJdinal SECTION A-A onalmclion
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. REFE
Page 86 and 87: CASE STUDY - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCE
Page 88 and 89: serve as a leveling course, to corr
Page 90 and 91: v. Details of Field Review It was n
Page 92 and 93: practice, chloride contents above 1
Page 94 and 95: pavement is constructed, we also re
Page 96 and 97: Sing1 e Lane Longitudfnal Bat CRCP
Page 99 and 100: LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBCTION AND THE L
Page 101 and 102: PURPOSE This paper summarizes data
Page 103 and 104: .A thxd study was ?e?ormed 5~ :he S
Page 105 and 106: __. Table 2. Encroachments on outsi
Page 107 and 108: The results presented by Ezery :\*e
Page 109 and 110: from the siab edge. The number of t
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Page 113 and 114: .A ::cleoier:Cai ?'.'3iU2::0:: Oi 5
Page 116 and 117: .M~&$iU~eTle~t!S and eStZbliSkfXl t
Page 118 and 119: Photos 5 k 6 - Two examples of wide
Page 120 and 121: 0 ,A KC pavement that is widened 18
Page 122 and 123: 13. Gordon K. Ray, ‘Concrete Shou
Page 125 and 126: I-60 Lmqitudinal CrackFnq - l988 in
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Page 129 and 130: US. Deparmenr ol Transpoftarxx Fede
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Page 155 and 156: 3. Mixins B. Batchers (1) (2) (3) (
Page 157 and 158: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FHWA TECHNICAL ADVIS
Page 159 and 160: 8. TEMPERATURE CONTROL FHWA TECHNIC
Page 161 and 162: 1. SUBBASE TRIYMING FHWA TECHNICAL
Page 163 and 164: 12. 13. 14. TRUCK REGUIREMENTS FHWA
Page 165 and 166: 16. THICKNESS TEST FHWA TECHNICAL A
Page 167: 25. 26. (cl (d) FHWA TECHNICAL ADVI
Page 171: IO IS 20 25 x> Air temp., OC To use
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Page 179 and 180: RSQUIREMENTS 1’. General Retireme
Page 183: 48Cl Sum&y of State Highway Practic
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Quotatims (con’t~ (30); &lignment
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We recognize that some States have
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