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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 July 14, 1994 maximum aggregate size should be limited to '20 percent of the narrowest dimension of a concrete member, 75 percent of the clear spacing between reinforcing steel, or 33 percent of the depth of a slab for unreinforced concrete. b. The minimum cement content refers to all cementitious and pozzolanic material in the concrete, including cement and any mineral admixtures that are being added to or substituted for cement. Replacement rates should be based on those contained in paragraph 3d(3). (I) The PCA,recommends a minimum cement content of 335 kg/m' for concrete placed in severe exposure conditions and AC1 316R recommends a minimum cement content of 335 kg/m3 for concrete <strong>pavement</strong>s in all locations unless local experience indicates satisfactory performance with lower cement contents. Even if strength requirements can be met with a lower cement content, a minimum cement content of 335 kg/m3 should be used unless it can be demonstrated,that the concrete will be durable, (2) In cases where local experience allows a reduction in cement content below 335 kg/m3 the cement content should not be reduced below the following minimum cement contents recommended by AC1 302.1R Table 5.2.4 for concrete slab and floor construction. The minimum cement contents listed below are based on the nominal maximum size of the aggregate.' The cement content decreases as the nominal maximum aggregate size increases due to the decrease in aggregate surface area. Nominal maximum size Cement content aggregate, mm kg/m' 37.5mm 280kg/m' 25mm 310kg/m3 19mm 320kg/m3 / 12.5mm 350kg/m3 9.5mm 365kg/m' 3.10.12
FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 July 14, 1994 ('3) Low strength concrete in the field should not be addressed by arbitrarily increasing the cement content since an increase in cement content will increase the water demand leading to higher shrinkage and permeability. All changes in mix proportions should be evaluated with a trial batch. C. The water-cement ratio in all cases should be as low as possible while maintaining workability. For freeze thaw resistance the following maximum water cement ratios are recommended in AC1 201.2R. Thin sections (bridge decks, <strong>pavement</strong>s and curbs) and sections with less than 25 mm cover and concrete exposed to deicing salts 0.45 all other structures 0.50 The water-cement ratio should include the weight of all cement, pozzolan, and other cementitious material. d. The air content in the mortar fraction of-the mix should contain approximately 9 percent air for concrete mixes.exposed to-severe conditions. (1) The following recommendations are from AC1 201.2R Table 1.4.3. Nominal maximum size Air content aggregate, mm Percent . 37.5mm 5-l/2 25mm 6 19m.m 6 12.5mm 7 9.5mm 7-l/2 (2) The specified tolerance for air content I- should be 2 lf percent. 5. PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE Trial batches should be performed on all mixes'at the expected placement temperatures. This is especially true for mixes containing multiple admixtures. 3.10.13
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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
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h. The most common types of pavemen
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Fidh'X TECHSiC.AL .AL1L~!SC!?'r' T
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F!-ih'.A TECHN1C.U XDI'IS3RY T 5010
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TABLE 3. MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TIEBAR
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?%‘.4 TECHWIC.4L ADVISORY T 3040.
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. C ‘i!\‘*A . . T’ECHSIC4L .U
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CH!\‘.?l TECZSIC'.AL ADVISORY T 5
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TIEBAR PULL-OUT TESTS Proper consol
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'1iK.A TECHNICAL XDVISCIRY T 5040.3
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TECHNICAL PAPER 89-03 -- Benefits o
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critical, as the restraint forces d
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TECRWICAL PAPER 89-04 -- PREFORMED
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maximum expansion. This will allow
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When sealing a width of two lanes o
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BXAHPLB B: The State elects to chan
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References 1. l'Design and Control
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Based on Kansas Standard Plan 707.2
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SlJbJect- Dowel Bar Inserters Date
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Dowel Bar Placement: pechanical Ins
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . .
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In July of 1988 this need for addit
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_i -. Corinu Procedure: A metal det
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PLACEMENT TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS
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placing dowels in a satisfactory cl
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ar inserter. On the first inserter
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extensive searches if a problem is
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SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (continued)
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TABLE 1. DESCRIPIIOR OF PROJECYS IW
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TABLE 3. RANDOM SAMPLING SEQUENCE F
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.FICURE 1. COWEURAT?ON AND NuMBml;
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: __ APPENDIX A. DETAILED DATA FOR
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
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FHWA TECiNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
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l.onghJdinal SECTION A-A onalmclion
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. REFE
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CASE STUDY - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCE
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serve as a leveling course, to corr
Page 90 and 91: v. Details of Field Review It was n
Page 92 and 93: practice, chloride contents above 1
Page 94 and 95: pavement is constructed, we also re
Page 96 and 97: Sing1 e Lane Longitudfnal Bat CRCP
Page 99 and 100: LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBCTION AND THE L
Page 101 and 102: PURPOSE This paper summarizes data
Page 103 and 104: .A thxd study was ?e?ormed 5~ :he S
Page 105 and 106: __. Table 2. Encroachments on outsi
Page 107 and 108: The results presented by Ezery :\*e
Page 109 and 110: from the siab edge. The number of t
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Page 113 and 114: .A ::cleoier:Cai ?'.'3iU2::0:: Oi 5
Page 116 and 117: .M~&$iU~eTle~t!S and eStZbliSkfXl t
Page 118 and 119: Photos 5 k 6 - Two examples of wide
Page 120 and 121: 0 ,A KC pavement that is widened 18
Page 122 and 123: 13. Gordon K. Ray, ‘Concrete Shou
Page 125 and 126: I-60 Lmqitudinal CrackFnq - l988 in
Page 127 and 128: ill operatfms were cm@etM by July 1
Page 129 and 130: US. Deparmenr ol Transpoftarxx Fede
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Page 139: L 2 R'RWA TECEXICAL ADVISORY T 5080
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Page 149 and 150: 7i%iA TZCHKICAL ADVISCRY T 5C80.17
Page 153 and 154: 1. Platerials FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISO
Page 155 and 156: 3. Mixins B. Batchers (1) (2) (3) (
Page 157 and 158: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FHWA TECHNICAL ADVIS
Page 159 and 160: 8. TEMPERATURE CONTROL FHWA TECHNIC
Page 161 and 162: 1. SUBBASE TRIYMING FHWA TECHNICAL
Page 163 and 164: 12. 13. 14. TRUCK REGUIREMENTS FHWA
Page 165 and 166: 16. THICKNESS TEST FHWA TECHNICAL A
Page 167: 25. 26. (cl (d) FHWA TECHNICAL ADVI
Page 171: IO IS 20 25 x> Air temp., OC To use
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Page 179 and 180: RSQUIREMENTS 1’. General Retireme
Page 183: 48Cl Sum&y of State Highway Practic
Page 186 and 187: Quotatims (con’t~ (30); &lignment
Page 188 and 189: We recognize that some States have
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