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References 1. l'Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures - Thirteenth Edition," Portland Cement Association Engineering Bulletin EBOOl.l3T, 1988, S. H. Kosmatka and W. C. Panarese. 2. "Performance of a Compression Joint Seal," Highway Research Record No. 80, 1965, Stewart C. Watson. 3. "Preformed Elastomeric Bridge Joint Sealers,@* Highway Research Record No. 200, 1967, George S. Kozlov. 4. "Guide to Joint Sealants for Concrete Structures,tl American Concrete Institute Manual of Concrete Practice - Part 5, 1988, American Concrete Institute. 5. "Studies of Factors Governing Contact Pressure Generation in Neoprene Preformed Compression Seals,*' Highway Research Record No. 200, 1967, F. H. Hall, J. H. Ritzi, and D. D. Brown. 6. gtTechnigues of Pavement Rehabilitation," Federal Highway Administration, 1987, ERES Consultants. 7. "Standard Specification for Preformed Elastomeric Compression Joint Seals for Concrete (AASHTO Designation: M 220067)," AASBTO Materials - Part I Specifications, 1982, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. 3.3.10 .
sublect Examination of Cores from Kansas I-70 Ffm Chief, Pavement Division Uashington, D.C. 20590 lo Mr. Thomas 3. Ptak, Deputy Regional Federal Highway Administrator HEO-07 Kansas City, Missouri Da’e AL 2 5 1969 Attached is Dr. Stephen Forster's report on the examination of the concrete cores from Kansas I-70 east of Abilene (Kansas Project No. 70-21 K-2588-01). Dr. Forster did not find any evidence of "D" cracking of the aggregate or alkali-aggregate reactivity. The crack faces appear rough enough to provide load transfer if the cracks remain tight. However, the cracks in these cores have opened to the point where load transfer has been 1 ost and the cracks are working. We are observing a significant number of jointed reinforced concrete <strong>pavement</strong>s (JRCP) with working cracks. The two factors believed to be the primary cause of working cracks in JRCP are corroded and locked up dowel bars and inadequate reinforcement. The introduction of epoxy coated dowels has reduced the risk of dowel bar corrosion. However, the procedures used to determine the amount of reinforcement in JRCP are not adequate. Reinforcement for JRCP is designed using the subgrade drag theory. The procedure does not consider the crack aggregate interlock capability or the repeated shear loads from traffic. Also, the subgrade drag theory does not directly consider climatic effects. In the absence of a good design procedure for the reinforcement in JRCP, we believe the following conclusion from an ongoing research study "Performance/Rehabilitation of Rigid Pavements" provides good guidance: nT;:, amount of reinforcement appeared to have an effect in controlling the amount of deteriorated transverse cracking. Although often confounded by the presence of corrosion-resistance dowel bars, <strong>pavement</strong> sections that contained more than 0.1 percent reinforcing steel exhibited less deteriorated transverse cracking; sections with less than that amount often displayed a significant amount of transverse cracking, particularly in cold climates. A minimum of 0.1 percent reinforcing steel is therefore reconmtended, wither amounts required for harsher climates and longer slabs." 3.4.1
Page 1: 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
Page 4 and 5: h. The most common types of pavemen
Page 6 and 7: Fidh'X TECHSiC.AL .AL1L~!SC!?'r' T
Page 8 and 9: F!-ih'.A TECHN1C.U XDI'IS3RY T 5010
Page 10 and 11: TABLE 3. MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TIEBAR
Page 12 and 13: ?%‘.4 TECHWIC.4L ADVISORY T 3040.
Page 14 and 15: . C ‘i!\‘*A . . T’ECHSIC4L .U
Page 16 and 17: CH!\‘.?l TECZSIC'.AL ADVISORY T 5
Page 18 and 19: TIEBAR PULL-OUT TESTS Proper consol
Page 20 and 21: '1iK.A TECHNICAL XDVISCIRY T 5040.3
Page 22 and 23: TECHNICAL PAPER 89-03 -- Benefits o
Page 24 and 25: critical, as the restraint forces d
Page 28 and 29: TECRWICAL PAPER 89-04 -- PREFORMED
Page 30 and 31: maximum expansion. This will allow
Page 32 and 33: When sealing a width of two lanes o
Page 34 and 35: BXAHPLB B: The State elects to chan
Page 38 and 39: Based on Kansas Standard Plan 707.2
Page 41 and 42: SlJbJect- Dowel Bar Inserters Date
Page 43 and 44: Dowel Bar Placement: pechanical Ins
Page 45 and 46: TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . .
Page 47 and 48: In July of 1988 this need for addit
Page 49 and 50: _i -. Corinu Procedure: A metal det
Page 51 and 52: PLACEMENT TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Page 53 and 54: placing dowels in a satisfactory cl
Page 55 and 56: ar inserter. On the first inserter
Page 57 and 58: extensive searches if a problem is
Page 59 and 60: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (continued)
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 1. DESCRIPIIOR OF PROJECYS IW
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 3. RANDOM SAMPLING SEQUENCE F
Page 65 and 66: .FICURE 1. COWEURAT?ON AND NuMBml;
Page 67: : __ APPENDIX A. DETAILED DATA FOR
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Page 76 and 77: l.onghJdinal SECTION A-A onalmclion
Page 83: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. REFE
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CASE STUDY - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCE
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serve as a leveling course, to corr
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v. Details of Field Review It was n
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practice, chloride contents above 1
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pavement is constructed, we also re
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Sing1 e Lane Longitudfnal Bat CRCP
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LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBCTION AND THE L
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PURPOSE This paper summarizes data
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.A thxd study was ?e?ormed 5~ :he S
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__. Table 2. Encroachments on outsi
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The results presented by Ezery :\*e
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from the siab edge. The number of t
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-1 5 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 51 6i
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.A ::cleoier:Cai ?'.'3iU2::0:: Oi 5
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.M~&$iU~eTle~t!S and eStZbliSkfXl t
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Photos 5 k 6 - Two examples of wide
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0 ,A KC pavement that is widened 18
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13. Gordon K. Ray, ‘Concrete Shou
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I-60 Lmqitudinal CrackFnq - l988 in
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ill operatfms were cm@etM by July 1
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US. Deparmenr ol Transpoftarxx Fede
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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FHWA TECHKICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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L 2 R'RWA TECEXICAL ADVISORY T 5080
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FFIWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17
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FHwA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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7i%iA TZCHKICAL ADVISCRY T 5C80.17
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1. Platerials FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISO
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3. Mixins B. Batchers (1) (2) (3) (
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FHWA TECHNICAL ADVIS
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8. TEMPERATURE CONTROL FHWA TECHNIC
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1. SUBBASE TRIYMING FHWA TECHNICAL
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12. 13. 14. TRUCK REGUIREMENTS FHWA
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16. THICKNESS TEST FHWA TECHNICAL A
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25. 26. (cl (d) FHWA TECHNICAL ADVI
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IO IS 20 25 x> Air temp., OC To use
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FHWA TECHNIC= ADVISORY T 5080.17 ju
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FHWA TECHNICti ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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RSQUIREMENTS 1’. General Retireme
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48Cl Sum&y of State Highway Practic
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Quotatims (con’t~ (30); &lignment
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We recognize that some States have
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