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# 0 f W h e e I E n C r 0 a E m e n t S Dist. of Outside Shoulder Encroachments 180 e Edge of Travel Lane 160 - 140 - 120 - 100 - 80 - FIGURE 1 . .._ Reference $3 ii - 4.97 inches (X0 X>!ZZl 0 - 4.97 inches x = 5.52 inches (LZZi OF i2 I!;CZj) a = 2.74 inches POIXS !iOT SXOLm: 2 ca 1.88 m 1 ca 2.u a IOTE: 1 mm * 0.0396 inches 1 m = 8.28 feet -I n n 1 1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29 33 37 Encroachment on Outside Shoulder (inches) 3.8.8
__. Table 2. Encroachments on outside shoulder, by type of terrain (reference 3). Xl1 Terrain 205 133 64.9 677 5.09 3.30 Table 3 shows that the outside shouider encroachments occurred ior an average of 4.5 seconds. The average encroachment was for a longitudinal distance cr’ approximately 400 ft (I 22 m) and 0.60 ft (0.18 m) laterally onto the shoulder strvx:‘z:e. Item Table 3. Average time and distances of outside shoulder enaoachments (reference 3). Outer .Median Shoulder Shoulder Average encroachments per truck in 10 Miles 3.30 0.25 Average time on shoulder per encroachment, sets. 4.30 3.40 Average longitudinal distance on shoulder per encoachmen t, ft. 383.86 344.16 Average transverse distance on shoulder per 0.59 0.05 enaoachmen t, ft. . Figure 1 is a summary of the transverse encroachments onto the shoulder. As can be seen, the highest frequency of encroaching trucks was approximately 6 in (!32 mm) onto the shoulder. A high percentage of times when trucks encroach, their dual tires are iiterally split between the <strong>pavement</strong> edge and shoulder. The fact that shoulder encroachments occur regular& is well illustrated by the Georgia study. In the IO-mi (16.1 km) test section, the average number of encroachments per truck was 3.3. Of the 65 percent trucks encroaching, the average number of encroachments per 10 miles was 5.1 (see table I?. Why do certain trucks go onto the shoulder more than others. 7 The study was done with no cross-winds present, which eiiminates an obvious external factor irom biasing the resuits. Truck 3.8.9
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3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9
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h. The most common types of pavemen
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Fidh'X TECHSiC.AL .AL1L~!SC!?'r' T
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F!-ih'.A TECHN1C.U XDI'IS3RY T 5010
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TABLE 3. MAXIMUM RECOMMENDED TIEBAR
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?%‘.4 TECHWIC.4L ADVISORY T 3040.
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. C ‘i!\‘*A . . T’ECHSIC4L .U
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CH!\‘.?l TECZSIC'.AL ADVISORY T 5
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TIEBAR PULL-OUT TESTS Proper consol
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'1iK.A TECHNICAL XDVISCIRY T 5040.3
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TECHNICAL PAPER 89-03 -- Benefits o
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critical, as the restraint forces d
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TECRWICAL PAPER 89-04 -- PREFORMED
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maximum expansion. This will allow
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When sealing a width of two lanes o
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BXAHPLB B: The State elects to chan
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References 1. l'Design and Control
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Based on Kansas Standard Plan 707.2
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SlJbJect- Dowel Bar Inserters Date
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Dowel Bar Placement: pechanical Ins
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract . . . .
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In July of 1988 this need for addit
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_i -. Corinu Procedure: A metal det
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PLACEMENT TOLERANCE SPECIFICATIONS
Page 53 and 54: placing dowels in a satisfactory cl
Page 55 and 56: ar inserter. On the first inserter
Page 57 and 58: extensive searches if a problem is
Page 59 and 60: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS (continued)
Page 61 and 62: TABLE 1. DESCRIPIIOR OF PROJECYS IW
Page 63 and 64: TABLE 3. RANDOM SAMPLING SEQUENCE F
Page 65 and 66: .FICURE 1. COWEURAT?ON AND NuMBml;
Page 67: : __ APPENDIX A. DETAILED DATA FOR
Page 70 and 71: FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
Page 74 and 75: FHWA TECiNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.14 J
Page 76 and 77: l.onghJdinal SECTION A-A onalmclion
Page 83: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. REFE
Page 86 and 87: CASE STUDY - CONTINUOUSLY REINFORCE
Page 88 and 89: serve as a leveling course, to corr
Page 90 and 91: v. Details of Field Review It was n
Page 92 and 93: practice, chloride contents above 1
Page 94 and 95: pavement is constructed, we also re
Page 96 and 97: Sing1 e Lane Longitudfnal Bat CRCP
Page 99 and 100: LATERAL LOAD DISTRIBCTION AND THE L
Page 101 and 102: PURPOSE This paper summarizes data
Page 103: .A thxd study was ?e?ormed 5~ :he S
Page 107 and 108: The results presented by Ezery :\*e
Page 109 and 110: from the siab edge. The number of t
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Page 113 and 114: .A ::cleoier:Cai ?'.'3iU2::0:: Oi 5
Page 116 and 117: .M~&$iU~eTle~t!S and eStZbliSkfXl t
Page 118 and 119: Photos 5 k 6 - Two examples of wide
Page 120 and 121: 0 ,A KC pavement that is widened 18
Page 122 and 123: 13. Gordon K. Ray, ‘Concrete Shou
Page 125 and 126: I-60 Lmqitudinal CrackFnq - l988 in
Page 127 and 128: ill operatfms were cm@etM by July 1
Page 129 and 130: US. Deparmenr ol Transpoftarxx Fede
Page 135 and 136: FHWA TECHKICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
Page 139 and 140: L 2 R'RWA TECEXICAL ADVISORY T 5080
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Page 149 and 150: 7i%iA TZCHKICAL ADVISCRY T 5C80.17
Page 153 and 154: 1. Platerials FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISO
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3. Mixins B. Batchers (1) (2) (3) (
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. FHWA TECHNICAL ADVIS
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8. TEMPERATURE CONTROL FHWA TECHNIC
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1. SUBBASE TRIYMING FHWA TECHNICAL
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12. 13. 14. TRUCK REGUIREMENTS FHWA
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16. THICKNESS TEST FHWA TECHNICAL A
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25. 26. (cl (d) FHWA TECHNICAL ADVI
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IO IS 20 25 x> Air temp., OC To use
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FHWA TECHNIC= ADVISORY T 5080.17 ju
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FHWA TECHNICti ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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RSQUIREMENTS 1’. General Retireme
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FHWA TECHNICAL ADVISORY T 5080.17 J
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48Cl Sum&y of State Highway Practic
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Quotatims (con’t~ (30); &lignment
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We recognize that some States have
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