BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Food
Analysis of Cod-liver Oil Adulteration using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR)
Spectroscopy
Prof. Dr. Yaakob Che Man
Abdul Rohman
Institute of Products Halal Research, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8943 0405; yaakobcm@gmail.com
Analysis of the adulteration of cod-liver oil with much cheaper oil-like animal fats has become attractive
in recent years. This study highlights an application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a
nondestructive and fast technique for the determination of adulterants in cod-liver oil. Attenuated total reflectance
measurements were made on pure cod-liver oil and cod liver oil adulterated with different concentrations of lard
(0.5-50% v/v in cod-liver oil). A chemometrics partial least squares (PLS) calibration model was developed for
quantitative measurement of the adulterant. Discriminant analysis method was used to classify cod-liver oil
samples from common animal fats (beef, chicken, mutton and lard) based on their infrared spectra. Discriminant
analysis carried out using seven principal components was able to classify the samples as pure or adulterated codliver
oil based on their FTIR spectra at the selected fingerprint regions (1,500-1,030 cm-1).
Keywords: Adulteration cod-liver oil, lard, PLS discriminant analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, lipid chemistry, lipid analysis
Application of Electronic Nose and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for
Analysis of Lard Adulteration in Virgin Coconut Oil
Prof. Dr. Yaakob Che Man
Dias Indrasti, Shuhaimi Mustafa and Dzulkifly Mat Hashim
Institute of Products Halal Research, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8943 0405; yaakobcm@gmail.com
Monoglycerides (MG) and diglycerides (DG) are widely used as emulsifying agents for product stabilisation
in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical. Source of TG and enzyme will influence the Halal status of MG, DG, and
final products. Comprehensive bidimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry
(GC×GC-TOF-MS) was used for the characterisation of regiospecific mono- and diglycerides (MG-DG) content
in the glycerolysis products derived from five different fats and oils which included lard (LA), sun flower seed
oil (SF), corn oil (CO), butter (BU), and palm oil (PA). The combination of short-length microbore and high
temperature non-orthogonal column set was applied in this work. 3-monopalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (MG 3-C16) was
the highest concentration in LA, BU and PA while monostearoyl-sn-glycerol (MG C18) in CO and 1,3-dilinoleolrac-glycerol
(C18:2c) in SF. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) accounted 82% of variance using combination
of PC1 and PC2. The presence of several compounds which were monostearoyl-sn-glycerol (MG C18),
3-monopalmitoyl-sn-glycerol (MG 3-C16), 1,3-dilinoleol-rac-glycerol (DG C18:2c), 1,3-dipalmitoyl-glycerol
(DG 1,3-C16), and 1,3-dielaidin (DG C18:1t) caused differentiation of the samples tested.
Keywords: Monoglycerides, diglycerides, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography, GC×GC, time-of-flight,
mass spectrometry, PCA
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