BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Zingiber species: Biossay studies, Chemical Constituents and Its Essential Oils
Prof. Dr. Mohd. Aspollah Sukari
Mohd. Zulkhairi Azid, Sugeng Riyanto, Gwendoline Ee Cheng Lian and Ahmad Bustamam Abdul
Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6797; aspollah@science.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Zingiber amaricans, zingiber cassumunar, essential oils, cytotoxicity, zingiber, zerumbone
In Vitro Cytotoxic Study of Clausena excavata and Its Chemical Constituents
Prof. Dr. Mohd. Aspollah Hj. Sukari
Rahayu Utami Umar, Noorul Adawiyah Mustahil, Nurul Waznah Muhammad Sharif, Taufiq Yap Yin Hun and
Mawardi Rahmani
Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6797; aspollah@science.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Clausena excavata, cytotoxic, MTT assay, limonoid, alkaloid, coumarin
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Science, Technology & Engineering
Zingiber cassumunar and Zingiber amaricans belong to the family of Zingiberaceae. Locally, Zingiber
cassumunar known as “bengle” or “bonglai” while Zingiber amaricans known as “lempuyang emprit”. Isolation
work on rhizomes of Z. amaricans has afforded zerumbone as the major constituent, together with cholesterol,
campesterol, stigmasterol and ?-sitosterol. Meanwhile, for isolation work on rhizomes of Z. cassumunar gave
cis-3-(3’, 4’-dimethoxyphenyl)-4-[(E)-3”, 4”-dimethoxystyryl] cyclohex-1-ene , (E)-4-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl)
but-3-en-1-ol, (E)-4-(3’,4’-dimethoxyphenyl) but-3-en-1-yl acetate along with veratric acid. Selected extracts
and isolated compounds were examined for their bioactivities against microbes and cancer cell lines. Extraction
of the essential oils from the rhizomes of Z. cassumunar was conducted via hydrodistillation method and the
essential oils were tested for its antioxidant activities. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated
by using spectroscopic methods. Hexane extracts of Z. amaricans showed strong activities against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis mutan and wild, with inhibition zones (diameter) of 17,
9, 9, and 7.5 mm, respectively. While dichloromethane extract inhibited weakly the growth of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis mutangenic with inhibition zones (diameter) of 7.0 mm
each, only the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited weakly by methanol extract. On the other hand,
cytotoxic test result against CEM-SS cancer cell lines showed that hexane extract of Z. amaricans possessed
the strongest activity with IC50 value of 7.0 µg/ml and then it was followed by dichloromethane and methanol
extracts with IC50 values of 20 µg/ml and 30 µg/ml, respectively. Zerumbone did not show antimicrobial activity
against the target microbes, whereas the compound showed moderate cytotoxic activity against lymphoblastic T
leukemia cell with IC50 value of 15 µg/ml (6.88 10-2 µmol/ml).
Clausena excavata or locally known as “pokok kemantu” or “pokok cemamar” is valued for its traditional
uses in the treatment of snakebite, abdominal pain and as a detoxification agent. The isolation work on its stem bark
and roots have afforded limonoids, alkaloids and coumarins including clausenolide-1-methylether, clausenarin,
clausine-K, xanthyletin, dentatin, nordentatin and 3-formyl-2,7-dimethoxycarbazole. The crude extracts and
selected isolated compounds were subjected to cytotoxic study using MTT assay against several cancer cell lines
including HL-60, MCF-7, HeLa and HT-29. Most of the crude extracts exhibited strong cytotoxic activity with
IC50 values of < 6 ?g/ml, while dentatin demonstrated the most potential anticancer properties among isolated
compounds.