BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Chemistry of Artocarpus kemando and Artocarpus odoratissimus
New Designed Equipment for Soft Soil Stabilisation
Prof. Dr. Gwendoline Cheng Lian Ee
Teo Siow Hwa, Lim Chan Kiang and Mawardi Rahmani
Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6785; gwen@science.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Artocarpus kemando, artosimmin, artomandin, flavonoids, xanthones, anti-cancer
Prof. Dr. Bujang Kim Huat
Sina Kazemian and Thamer A. Mohamed
Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6368; huatbbk@yahoo.com
Keywords: Design, equipment,soft soil, stabilization, injection-vacuum technology, chemical grout
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Science, Technology & Engineering
Our recent study on Artocarpus odoratissimus has resulted in the purification of a new prenylated
pyranoflavone derivative artosimmus (1) and traxateryl acetate (2). Artocarpus kemando on the other hand,
gave a new furanodihydrobenzoxanthone, artomandin (3), together with three other flavonoid derivatives-
artoindonesianin C (4), artonol B (5), artochamin A (6), and the triterpene ?-sitosterol (7). Structural elucidations
of these compounds were achieved by using 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectrometry. Compound 2 is obtained for
the first time from Artocarpus odoratissimus. All these compounds displayed very susceptible degree of inhibition
effects against HL-60 & MCF-7 cancer cell lines. These compound also possess antioxidant properties towards
1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH). This paper reports the two new compounds and the biological
activities of the extracts and pure compounds from these two Artocarpus species.
There are various methods and devices to stabilise soft soils and one method that is commonly used worldwide
is grouting or injecting a liquid (cement and/or additives) into the voids within the soil, and thus displacing the
gases and liquids from within these. Some examples of grouting method are hydro fracture grouting, compaction
grouting, jet grouting, etc. Selecting the right method for deep soil stabilising however, depends on several
conditions like the type and alternative layers of soil, load size, the situation and type of project, among others. In
this research, the effect of cement and different varieties of chemical grouts on stabilization of soft soil by Deep
Mixing Method (DMM) was investigated. To achieve this goal, a model scale DMM injector (injection-vacuum
apparatus) was specially designed and developed in-house. Soil samples were collected from the field and were
stabilised by the newly developed injection-vacuum apparatus. The design of the proposed equipment consists
of an injection part, a vacuum pump and two kinds of auger for drilling the vacuum and injection wells. The
injection part has two tanks for holding the cement slurry and other chemical grouts. The auger motor is mounted
on a vertical steel frame which also has a mixing pump unit and a slurry outlet at its base. The slurry outlet can
be moved up and down by using the auger manually. This apparatus has three main parts to operate; the injection
part, the vacuum pump and the auger motor.