BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Social Sciences
Effect of Intelligent Tutoring System on Students’ Achievement in Mathematics
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aida Suraya Md.Yunus
Tsai Chen Chien, Wan Zah Wan Ali and Ab. Rahim Bakar
Faculty of Educational Studies, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6175; aida@educ.upm.edu.my
In this experimental study, the use of Computer Assisted Instruction followed by the use of an Intelligent
Tutoring System (CAI+ITS) was compared to the use of CAI (CAI only) in tutoring students to learn the topic on
Algebraic Expression. The ITS system consisted of two main structures, the Student Model and Tutorial Model.
The Student Model stores students’ responses throughout the tutorial process while the Tutorial Model presents
a suitable tutoring strategy to students according to their progress. Two groups of students each participated in
the study. One group of 32 students studied algebraic expression in a CAI learning environment, while the other
group of 30 students was in a CAI and ITS (CAI+ITS) environment. Before the experiment began, subjects were
given a pre-test on algebraic expression. Post-test was given at the end of the study. The study was administered in
eight sessions with one hour per session. For the first stage of the study, both groups of subjects studied algebraic
expression in a CAI environment. In the second stage, subjects from the CAI group went through a tutoring
session with CAI, whereas subjects from the CAI+ITS environment continue their study using ITS tutorial.
The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference in the students achievement in algebraic
expression between students who learn with CAI+ITS and who learn with CAI only as delivery system. The
findings of the study indicated that CAI+ITS was more effective in helping students learn algebraic expression
as compared to using CAI alone. This study suggests that educators and software developers should focus on
the development of ITS based learning tools or integrate ITS elements in courseware development rather than
developing a mere CAI tool.
Keywords: Computer Assisted Instruction, Intelligent Tutoring System, experimental study, mathematics learning
Development a Sociopsychological Framework to Map Language Choice and Use
in the Legal Workplace
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ain Nadzimah Abdullah
Chan Swee Heng
Faculty of Modern Languages and Communication, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8947 1202; ain@fbmk.upm.edu.my
It would be wrong to argue that the dominance of English over Bahasa Malaysia in the Malaysian legal
domain exclusively expresses a tendency towards being Anglocised and resulting in competing lingua francas.
The use of English goes way beyond dealing with this challenge of competing lingua francas. In actuality,
promoting or defending the national language in the legal system does not obviate the mastering of English as
a lingua franca for the legal profession in Malaysia. In this paper, we critically examine the language issue by
providing a systematic account of the ways in which both Bahasa Malaysia and English are used in the Malaysian
courtroom. Adopting a comparative approach with reference to actual court proceedings evidence of language
use is gathered from both the subordinate and superior courts in Kuala Lumpur. Findings suggest that English
continues to be the lingua franca in the Malaysian legal domain. Bahasa Malaysia, at times, is subjugated in the
Malaysian courtroom, even though it is constitutionally and by legislation, recognized as the national and official
language in Malaysia. While there is this underlying ‘competition’ between languages, it would be inaccurate to
stereotype the dominant use of English as an example of being Anglocised. More to it is to realise the competing
forces as a pragmatic functional approach to language use.
Keywords: Legal domain, national language, language choice, language use, lingua franca
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