BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Tests of Different Monetary Aggregates for the Monetary Models of the Exchange
Rate in Five ASEAN Countries
Dr. Lee Chin
Muzafar Shah Habibullah and M. Azali
Faculty of Economics and Management, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 7769; leechin@putra.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Monetary exchange rate model, ASEAN
Audience at Art Music Concert in Malaysia
Keywords: Audience, art music, concerts
Dr. Loo Fung Chiat
Loo Fung Ying
Faculty of Human Ecology, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 7120; lfc@putra.upm.edu.my
143
Social Sciences
This study examines the usefulness of divisia money, relative to simple sum money, for exchange rate
modelling in a period of rapid financial deregulation. This comparison is conducted using the monetary model of
the exchange rate. In the long-run modelling, the divisia money is significantly superior to simple sum money in
the case of Malaysia and the Philippines while indifferent for Indonesia, Singapore and Thailand.
The development of art music and the construction of acoustically designed concert halls in Malaysia
have provided more opportunities for live performance of various genres of art music. Full attention is given to
performers and their performances at a live concert, however it should be noted and emphasized that a live concert
will not take place without the existence of its spectators. In comparison with pop concerts, the size of audience
at art music concerts is often small and this has become a concern among organizers and performers. This study
was carried out to study the characteristics of the Malaysian audience at three concerts with a selection of eight
performances. Audience at these performances was observed and a survey was used with interviewers, intercepted
potential respondents after each concert. A total of 660 samples were gathered. The result of the survey could
function as a preliminary examination for future research to trace the changing characteristic of audience over
time.