BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Identification of Genetic Variation among Oil Palm Parent Genotypes and their
Progenies based on Microsatellite Markers
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Rafii Yusop
Norziha Abdullah, Maizura Ithnin and Ghizan Saleh
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
+603-8946 6950; mrafii@putra.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Oil palm, genetic variation, microsatellite markers, genetic distance
Embryonic Development of Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii Kutum
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Salleh Kamarudin
Mahdieh Jafari, Che Roos Saad, Aziz Arshad, Shahrbanoo Oryan and Mahmoud Bahmani
Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+608-946 4103; msalleh@agri.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Early ontogenic development, rutilus frisii kutum, morphological changes, the caspian sea
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Agriculture
Knowledge on genetic distances and relationships among breeding materials has a significant impact on
crop improvement. Molecular markers are being used increasingly to determine the genetic distance between
individuals. In this study, microsatellite markers were used to estimate the genetic distances between selected
oil palm parent lines. Microsatellite markers are highly reliable, inherited in codominant fashion whereby
heterozygotes and homozygotes are distinguishable, easy to score and can be rapidly produced using PCR
technology. Nine microsatellite markers were used to screen selected parent palms (15 duras and 4 pisiferas)
and their progenies (16 DxP crosses). Data were scored and analysed using the Biosys-1 software to calculate
the genetic distance values. A total of 29 polymorphic bands were generated. The genetic distances between
progenies ranged from 0.089 to 0.313. These results indicate that microsatellite markers are powerful tools for
studying genetic relationships among DxP progenies. These markers should be further explored to assist oil palm
breeding.
Most fish are poorly developed at hatching. They undergo important functional and morphological changes
during the early larval period. This study was conducted to monitor the morphological changes of Caspian kutum,
Rutilus frisii kutum larvae in early life stages. Fertilised kutum eggs were incubated at 16-19ºC in 8 l glass
incubators for 9.5 days. At first feeding (3 days after hatch) larvae were fed two times per day with egg yolk for
five days, and then Artemia nauplii and egg yolk until day 30. The juveniles were then transferred to an outdoor
fish hapa nets and further reared until day 60. Larval development, growth, and some morphological changes
were described from day 0 to end of experiment. The results showed that there were three main stages and 18 substages
of ontogenetic development in Caspian kutum from hatching to juvenile stage. The most important change
in these stages was change from endogenous to exogenous feeding. During post hatch development, the various
organs gradually differentiated and became identifiable.