BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Science, Technology & Engineering
Performance of Hedges and their Characteristics for Buffering Noise in Urban
Residential Areas
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Noorizan Mohamed
Ina Krisantia
Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 4073; noorizan16@hotmail.com
Many environmental designers are currently searching for better solution in reducing noise levels with
the usage of a grass trimmer in housing estates. Planting hedges as buffer is common in the hope to serve
the purpose. Nevertheless, the actual answer to the problem will not be solved unless a study to determine
the effectiveness of the plantings is done. A study to detect noise reduction from commonly planted hedges in
residential areas of Putrajaya was carried out using a sound level meter. A statistical analysis revealed that hedges
such as Ixora ‘sunkist’ with sufficient height is promising and has good potential in controlling sound levels, due
to the characteristics such as small leaves and dense branching system.
Keywords: Buffer, noise reduction, hedges, plant characteristics
Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network
Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Kamariah Noordin
Ng Chee Kyun, Mohd. Fadlee A. Rasid and Samer A. B. Awwad
Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6181; nknordin@eng.upm.edu.my
Mobility of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) has posed new challenges particularly in packet
delivery ratio and energy consumption. Some real applications impose combined environments of fixed and
mobile sensor nodes in the same network, while others demand a complete mobile sensors environment. Packet
loss that occurs due to mobility of the sensor nodes is one of the main challenges which come in parallel with
energy consumption. In this invention, we use cross layer design between medium access control (MAC) and
network layers to overcome these challenges. Thus, a cluster based routing protocol for mobile sensor nodes
(CBR-Mobile) is proposed. The CBR-Mobile is mobility and traffic adaptive protocol. The timeslots assigned to
the mobile sensor nodes that had moved out of the cluster or have no data to send will be reassigned to incoming
sensor nodes within the cluster region. The protocol introduces two simple databases to achieve the mobility and
traffic adaptively. The proposed protocol sends data to cluster heads in an efficient manner based on received
signal strength. In the CBR-Mobile protocol, cluster based routing collaborates with the hybrid MAC protocol
supports mobility of sensor nodes. Schedule timeslots are used to send the data message while the contention
timeslots are used to send join registration messages. The performance of proposed CBR-Mobile protocol is
evaluated and observed where the proposed protocol improves the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption,
delay and fairness in mobility environment compared to the LEACH-Mobile and AODV protocols.
Keywords: WSN, cluster head, mobility, LEACH, LEACH-mobile
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