BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Application of GCÃ GC-TOF-MS for Analysis of Regiospecific Isomer of Monoand
Diglyceride in Gycerolysis Products
Prof. Dr. Yaakob Che Man
Tengku Salwani Tengku Mansor and Abdul Rohman
Institute of Products Halal Research, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8941 7344; halal@putra.upm.edu.my
Lard and Virgin coconut oil (VCO) share some similarities such as having transparent to yellowish color and
are solid at room temperature, hence, enabling lard to be a potential oil adulterant in VCO. This study highlights the
application of electronic nose and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics
to analyse the presence of lard in VCO. Binary admixtures of lard in VCO in various percentage concentrations
ranging from 1%-50% were assayed using electronic nose and FTIR spectroscopy. Using electronic nose, 10
different chromatogram peaks were identified as adulterant peaks. Two-dimensional view of the aroma profile
offers an ideal rapid for qualitative identification of lard. Peak J in zNoseTM chromatogram was found to have
the best relationship, R2 0.93437. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopy coupled with partial least square (PLS) and
discriminant analysis (DA) can be successfully developed for quantification and classification of lard in VCO.
The results showed that PLS is able to predict the lard contents in VCO with equation y = 0.999x + 0.006, for
the relation between actual value of lard (x) and FTIR predicted value (y) with coefficient of determination (R2)
of 0.999 at frequency regions of 1120 - 950 cm-1. DA can classify VCO that adulterated with lard using the data
from FTIR at frequencies of 3020-3000 cm-1 and 1120 - 1000 cm-1.
Keywords: Lard, virgin coconut oil, electronic nose, FTIR spectroscopy, partial least square, discriminant analysis
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Food