BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

Insight of Self-assembly Formation of Palm-based Esters Nano-emulsion
Prof. Dr. Mohd. Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
Huan Qiu Yi, Mahiran Basri, Roghayeh Abedikarjiban, Bimo Ario Tejo and Abu Bakar Salleh
Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6798; basya@science.upm.edu.my
Keywords: Nano-emulsion, palm oil, ester, molecular dynamics, micelle
Controlled Release Formulation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate based on Zn-Al-
Layered Double Hydroxide Nanohybrid
Prof. Dr. Mohd. Zobir Hussein
Adilah Mohammad Jaafar, Asmah Hj. Yahaya and Zulkarnain Zainal
Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia,
43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
+603-8946 6603; mzobir@science.upm.edu.my
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Science, Technology & Engineering
Nano-emulsions are the mixture of oil in water with a very small particle size; with normally within the size
of 20-200 nm. Due to the hydrophilic and hydrophobic effect of the esters molecules, they possess the capability
in transdermal drug delivery system. The amphiphilic effect plays an important role in aggregation process in
the nano-emulsion formation. Palm-oil esters (POEs) and Palm-kernel oil esters (PKOEs) are unsaturated and
non-ionic esters that can be prepared by enzymatic synthesis from palm oil. Their nano-emulsion properties
possess great potential to act as drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery system. In order to have a better insight,
molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to study the behaviour of the nano-emulsion of POEs,
PKOEs and nano-emulsion of PKOEs with drugs. A ratio of 75:5:20 (water/esters (+drug)/surfactant) was chosen
from homogenous region in the phase diagram of our previous experimental work to undergo molecular dynamics
(MD) simulation. In MD simulation studies, energy minimisation was performed to minimise the energy of the
system below 50 kJmol-1nm-1. Then, the system was equilibrated for 1 ns in constant number of molecules,
pressure and temperature (NPT) at pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 300 K. MD simulation was carried out
under constant number of molecules, volume and temperature (NVT) and periodic boundary condition with no
bond lengths constraint. The observation of the aggregation of molecules was performed visually using VMD
software. The radius of gyration, number of clusters and solvent accessible surface area were calculated using a
GROMACS 3.3.3. Particle size analysis was done by measuring the average diameter of the micelle at the end of
the simulation using VEGAZZ visualisation programme.
Intercalation of beneficial anion into inorganic host has lead to an opportunity to synthesize various
combinations of new organic-inorganic nanohybrids with various potential applications; especially, for controlled
release formulation and storage purposes. Study on the release behaviour of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate (24D)
intercalated into the interlayer of Zn-Al-layered double hydroxide (ZAN) has been carried out using single, binary
and ternary aqueous systems of chloride, carbonate and phosphate. The release behaviour of the active agent
24D from its double-layered hydroxide nanohybrid, ZANDI was found to be of controlled manner governed
by pseudo-second order kinetics. It was found that carbonate medium yielded the highest accumulated release
of 24D, while phosphate in combination with carbonate and/or nitrate speeds up the release rate of 24D. These
results indicate that it is possible to design and develop new delivery system of latex stimulant compound with
controlled release property based on 24D which is known as a substance to increase latex production of rubber
tree, Hevea brasiliensis.
Keywords: Controlled release formulation, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate, intercalation, layered double hydroxide, nanohybrid,
latex stimulant for rubber tree