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Science, Technology & Engineering Comparative Study of the Digestive System of Red Jungle Fowl, Native Village Chicken and Commercial Broiler Mr. Md. Zuki Abu Bakar@Zakaria Noordin Mohamed Mustapha and Mohd. Amin Babjee Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. +603-8946 8301; zuki@vet.upm.edu.my The digestive system of three breeds of chicken known to differ in growth rate was investigated in this study. Ten male from each breeds: Red jungle fowl (RJF), Indigenous village chicken (IVC), and commercial broiler chicken (CBC) were sacrifice at days 1, 10, 20, 56, and 4 months post hatch. The organs weight and segmental length were measured. The H&E, special and histochemical stains and SEM were used for microscopic examinations. The digestive enzymes activities for pancreas and small intestinal segments were also determined. Results revealed that the absolute weights and length of digestive organs were greater in CBC than IVC and RJF. The duodenal length in CBC and IVC were constant after day 56. The arrangements of lingual and pharyngeal papillae were different among the breeds. The histochemical stains for type of mucins in the salivary glands and mucosa of the digestive system appeared no difference among the breeds for neutral and acid (sulfated and carboxylated) mucin. The pancreatic ductal system showed absence of ductal glands and goblet cells. However, the luminal mucin reaction of the epithelial cells lining these ducts was observed in the three breeds. Through SEM observation, the epithelial cells of intestinal villi in CBC were highly active than in the RJF and IVC, at all the ages. The measurements of villi height, villi surface area, crypt depth and muscularis externae intestinal segments indicate that the RJF have low development of intestinal mucosa as compared to IVC and CBC. The relative enzymes activities of the pancreas and intestinal contents were decrease at day 10 and thereafter in all birds, there were higher in CBC than IVC and RJF for pancreatic enzymes only. However, the relation was reversed for intestinal contents. The differences in growth rate among the breeds accompanied by differential growth of digestive organs. Keywords: Digestive system, red jungle fowl, indigenous chicken, broiler Cream Spreader Device Rapid growth of economy and modern era in Malaysia has increased the awareness of healthcare among Malaysians. The use of medical device nowadays is not limited in hospital or medical institution but also widely used at home. Malaysia is a tropical rain forest country which received more sunlight than other countries. Sunray consists of ultraviolet radiation that will cause skin disease such as eczema. Most skin diseases use medicated cream swept by using hand. However, applying the cream with our hands is not safe, nor hygienic. This product is a device that can assist users to apply the cream or lotion without giving an oily trace to the users’ fingers and risk in facing chemical contamination. Keywords: Portable cream spreader, industrial design Mr. Nik Aizan Nik Abdullah Mohd. Haideizul Jamal Ab. Hadi, Tn. Hj. Mohd. Azali Abd. Rahim, Saiful Hasley Ramli, Mohamizzam Mohammad, Osman Mohd. Tahir and Rahinah Ibrahim Faculty of Design and Architecture, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. +603-8946 4096; nikaizan@yahoo.com 298
Pejabat Timbalan Naib Canselor (Penyelidikan & Inovasi) Tingkat 1, Menara Idea I, Pusat Teknologi UPM-MTDC, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan. Tel: +603-8947 1002 E-mel: prpi2010@rmc.upm.edu.my
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Inovasi Berteraskan R & D Berimpak
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C Girish Palaniyappan, Mohd. Shater
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Zain ..............................
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Prof. Dr. Azizah Osman ............
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Abdul Jalil Nordin
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Lee Fung Ang, Rosidah, Muthanna Faw
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jegatheswaran Ratn
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Mustafa Kamal, Mohd. Shariff, Ramdz
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Mohamed Shaffril ..................
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Dr. Arbaayah Ali Termizi Zainor Iza
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W. A. Amir Zal ....................
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163 Mr. Abdul Rahim Abdul Samad Moh
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Faculty of Economics and Management
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Ashkan Shabbak and Mohd. Nooh Hassa
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Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohd. Puad Abdulla
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Omid Motlagh, Napsiah Ismail, Abdul
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Farshad Arvin and Abdul Rahman Raml
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Dr. Yus Aniza Yusof Faculty of Engi
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Hassan Alli, Nik Aizan Nik Abdullah
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Sina Kazemian and Thamer A. Mohamed
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Agriculture List of Project Titles
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Population Parameters of Planktonic
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Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) S
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Induced Diabetes in Neonatal Rats .
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Timber Harvesting in Sarawak ......
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Attributes and Work Values of MBA G
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Financial and Economics Analyses of
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Globalisasi .......................
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The Effects of Value Orientations a
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A Novel Chrome (VI) PVC Sensor base
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Development of Macro Language for R
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Vitro Shoot Tips using Thidiazuron
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Pursuit-evasion Differential Game w
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Unsteady Shrinking Sheet with Mass
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Oil Palm Metallothionein-like Gene
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Population Parameters of Planktonic
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Investigation of the Effect of Alli
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Urban Backyard Module of Immuno-enh
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Identification of Genetic Variation
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Effect of cGnRH-II on Maturation an
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An Economical Triploidy Verificatio
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The use of Internet Applications in
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Isolation and Identification of Fus
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Variation of Oil Palm (Elaeis guine
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Shrimp Fishery: Genetic Structure o
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Water Use and Growth Efficiency of
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Polyphenols Powder: Creating the Va
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A Miracle of Mushroom: A Booster fo
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Characterisation and Stabilisation
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Mee Fat from Madhuca longifolia See
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Amino Acids Analysis for Distinguis
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The Influence of Final Cooking Meth
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A Home-used Protocol to Reduce Merc
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Development, Optimisation and Valid
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Effect of Hypocholesterolemic Prope
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Gastrointestinal Tract Morphologica
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Application of FTIR Spectroscopy fo
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Application of GCÃ GC-TOF-MS for A
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Imaging in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
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Quantitative Ultrasound of the Calc
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Apoptotic Cell Death in the Mechani
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The Role of Andographis panniculata
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Challenges to the use of Seat Belt
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An Effective Approach to Prevent Sp
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulate Neu
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Evaluation of Two Ergonomics Interv
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Artificial Conduit for Coronary Hea
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Recombinant Vectors for Cancer Gene
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Factors associated with Self Rated
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Bonigen: A Potential Anti-biofilm B
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Forestry & Environment
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Dropout Prevention Practices of “
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Reintegrating Spirituality into Hig
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Factors Influencing Local People’
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Adequacy of Summary Measures of Fit
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Implementing Training in Manufactur
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Training Needs Assessment and Analy
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A Comprehensive Vocabulary Teaching
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Aquaculture Industry Potential and
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On the Measurement of Changes in Pr
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Utilisation of Problem-based Learni
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Economic Well-being and Coping Beha
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Technological Evolution and Dynamis
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Identifying Psychiatric Disorders a
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Impacts of Trade Liberalisation on
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Penggunaan Perisian Sumber Terbuka
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Different Yet Similar: Study on Mon
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Values in the Workplace: The Moral
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Ethical Perception: Are Differences
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Pembentukan Indeks Pengukuran Komun
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The Theoretical Impact of the Listi
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Assessment Tools for Sustainability
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Tests of Different Monetary Aggrega
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Instrumental and Emotional Support
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Employees’ Acceptance Level in Re
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Linking CRM Strategy, Customer Perf
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The Determinant of Foreign Direct I
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Market-orientation and Islamic Busi
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Budaya Kepenggunaan Masyarakat Oran
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Bullying and Depression among Teena
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Projecting (New) International Repu
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Financial and Economics Analyses of
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Perbezaan Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Am
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Exchange Rate Misalignment, Volatil
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Foot Anthropometry for Design Shoes
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Green Home Attributes in Environmen
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Work-family Conflict among Single M
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Factors Influencing Social Activism
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Being Critical for Transformation:
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Barriers to Continuing Education am
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The Effect of Organisational Learni
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Quality of Life (QoL): Comparison b
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Development of School Site Selectio
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A Proactive Architecture for Hetero
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Web-based GIS Application for Selec
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Solution of an Infinite System of D
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Localising Integrity Constraints Ch
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Development of Numerical 3D Finite
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An Improved Binary Method for Scala
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New Geometric Approach to Static an
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Superposition Coding with Unequal E
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Spacer Architectonic Building Syste
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Aggregating Group MCDM Problems usi
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Effects of MgO on Dielectric Proper
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New Compounds of Dysoxylum acutangu
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The Generalised Localisation Princi
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Thick Film Sensors Dr. Mohd. Nizar
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Anonymous Author Discovery from Wri
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Safety-based Flight Scheduler and M
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Cosmo Ball in Wastewater Treatment
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Numerical Evaluation for Cauchy Typ
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CEV: Cyberjaya Electric Vehicle Mr.
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Portable Daylight Reflector Device
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Manufacture and Application of Nano
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Chemistry of Artocarpus kemando and
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Role of Barium and Calcium in Lanth
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Hydroxamic Acid Grafted Oil Palm Em
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Analytical Evaluation of Unfairness
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Insight of Self-assembly Formation
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Optimisation of Physical Factors Af
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Optimisation of Cutting Parameters
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The Effects of Improved Land Use on
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BUKU ABSTRAK - Universiti Putra Malaysia

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