sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi

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SDÜ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ branch stubs on each whorl were treated as controls and were not inoculated. After 6 months, eight of the trial trees were showing very slight canker development from inoculated sites. Following 12 months stem depressions were recorded above 17 of the 123 inoculated branch collars. This trial is ongoing and isolations will be made from trees felled after 18-24 months to determine whether N. fuckeliana had infected the stem and how far it has spread. 5. DISCUSSION AND FUTHER RESEARCH The inoculation experiments described in this paper have given some insight into the potential infection mechanisms for N. fuckeliana in P. radiata in New Zealand. In the first trial, infection and symptom development was clearly demonstrated using both ascospores and conidia from the Acremonium stage. This indicates that spores from both these lifestages could potentially play a role in infection of this pathogen. In New Zealand however, although the Acremonium stage is produced in culture, it is rarely observed in the field. In contrast, perithecia producing ascospores of the teleomorph are frequently observed in the field and, due to their abundance, are much more likely to play a role in dispersal and infection of the pathogen. While both deep and shallow stem wounds in the first trial resulted in successful infection of N. fuckeliana and development of some stem depressions, it is unlikely that these infection mechanisms play an important role in infection in the field. Few wounds are found on P. radiata in plantations. Thus wounding is unlikely to play a role as a primary infection court for N. fuckeliana. Although no N. fuckeliana was isolated from inside the stems in the branch crotch trial this does not rule out branch crotches as an infection court for this pathogen. During the experiment, it was very difficult to simulate the effect of snow weight on branches, particularly any repetitive opening and closing of the branch crotch associated with branch movement. As a result, the experimental conditions may not have been sufficient to allow penetration of spores into the stem. Further trials of this nature are planned. 6. REFERENCES Bulman, L.S., 2007. Nectria pruning trial. Forest Health News 179,1-2. Available from http://www.ensisjv.com/NewsEventsandPublications/Newsletters/ForestHealthNews/Fore stHealthNewsArchive/tabid/179/Default.aspx [accessed 6 March 2009]. Dick, M.A. and Crane, P.E., 2009. Neonectria fuckeliana is pathogenic to Pinus radiata in New Zealand. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 4, 12-14. Gadgil, P.D., Dick, M.A. and Dobbie, K., 2003. Fungi Silvicolae Novazelandiae: 4. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science 33, 265-272. NZFOA (New Zealand Forest Owners Association). 2009. New Zealand Forest Industry Facts and Figures 2008/2009 booklet. Available from www.nzfoa.org.nz. [accessed 5 June 2009]. 139
SDÜ Faculty of Forestry Journal Power, M.W.P. and Ramsfield, T.D., 2006. Nectria disease of radiata pine. Forest Health News 165,1-2. Available from http://www.ensisjv.com/NewsEventsandPublications/Newsletters/ForestHealthNews/Fore stHealthNewsArchive/tabid/165/Default.aspx [accessed 6 March 2009]. Power, M.W.P. and Ramsfield, T.D., 2007. Nectria fuckeliana in pruned and unpruned trees. Forest Health News 175,1. Available from http://www.ensisjv.com/NewsEventsandPublications/Newsletters/ForestHealthNews/Fore stHealthNewsArchive/tabid/175/Default.aspx [accessed 6 March 2009]. Roll-Hansen, F. and Roll-Hansen, H., 1979. Microflora of sound-looking wood in Picea abies stems. European Journal of Forest Pathology 9, 308-316. Schultz, M.E. and Parmeter, J.R., 1990. A canker disease of Abies concolor caused by Nectria fuckeliana. Plant Disease 74,178-180. Smerlis, E., 1969. Pathogenicity tests of four pyrenomycetes in Quebec. Plant Disease Reporter 53, 979-981 Vasiliauskas, R. and Stenlid, J., 1997. Population structure and genetic variation in Nectria fuckeliana. Canadian Journal of Botany 75, 1707-1713. Vasiliauskas, R. and Stenlid, J., 1998. Fungi inhabiting stems of Picea abies in a managed stand in Lithuania. Forest Ecology and Management 109,119-126. 140
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