sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi

SDÜ Faculty of Forestry Journal
from Site 3 and is near to Sevnica. It is located on Kremenc hill (350 m a.s.l.)
where two specimens of Eutypella canker on sycamore maple were found and
collected on shady side of the hill. (5) A single diseased sycamore maple was
found at Bohor hill (580 m a.s.l.), near the town of Kozje, which is located 22 km
east of site 4. (6) Site 6 is located at Rogaška Slatina (230 m a.s.l.) where 55
Eutypella cankers were found – all on field maple. This site is the most eastern
place where Eutypella canker of maple was found in Slovenia. It is located about 1
km from the border with Croatia. At Site 6 one field maple was gathered. Distance
from Site 1 is 90 km. Altogether, of the 23 diseased trees collected, 19 trees were
sycamore maple and 4 trees were field maple. Sites 1–5 had rich, rather moist soils
in common which suits the sycamore maple’s demands for water, while Site 6
parent material was sandstone, soils were quite warm and dry, and location was on
sunny side of the hill.
Site 1 and 6 were chosen to determine the frequency of Eutypella canker of
maple in forest stands.
2.2. Common measurable characteristics
Some basics measurements were made for all specimens collected. (1) The
position of canker on trunk was measured from the ground to the center of the
canker which is usually represented by a dead branch stub (Davidson and Lorenz,
1938). When the centre of the canker was within arm’s reach the position was
determined by tape measure, otherwise a Haglöf Sweden Vertex III height
measurer was used. (2) The diameter of trees at breast height was measured by log
calliper. (3) Canker circumference was determined by tape measure at the centre of
the canker. (4) Canker length was determined by tape measure.
2.3. Area and shape of the canker on the trunk
The canker area was measured and calculated for all 23 specimens collected.
Area measurement was performed by fastening a transparent plastic foil to canker
by pins and drawing the outline of the canker using permanent marker. Three
different densities of perithecia, bark without perithecia, and areas where bark had
already fallen off were also marked on the foil. The foil was then put down on a
flat surface with white paper for background and the contours were digitalized.
Each digital photo was taken with a 10 cm long scale bar to allow for the correct
calibration of the photos. The areas were calculated using Soft Imaging System
analySIS ® Pro function for measuring arbitrary areas. The areas of different
densities of perithecia were used later for calculating ascospore discharge at the
level of the whole canker.
2.4. Isolates
Dissectional study enabled us to determine the places where the fungus actually
lives and is active. It also enabled us to search for other species of fungi present in
the canker. Trunk cross sections were taken at 10 cm intervals. The isolations were
made as described below. Samples were taken within a period of 24 hours after
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