sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi

SDÜ Faculty of Forestry Journal
than to typical silver fir forest (Oberdorfer, 2001). Consequently, the distance to
rivers may be identical with the source of spore dispersal from alternate host plants.
Influencing the infection process by opening the canopy to achieve lower air
moisture seems to be an option in Mediterranean countries rather than in Black
Forest conditions where moisture is hardly a limiting factor.
The silvicultural consequences from this study are considered as follows:
a) Broom rust is a natural phenomenon in silver fir forests. Thus, in close to nature
forestry some infections on branches must be taken into consideration.
b) Stem canker incidence up to about 60% in the regeneration can be eliminated during
successive regular thinnings. Premature elimination of infected trees (sanitation
treatment) is not necessary, since infection from tree to tree does not take place.
Furthermore, exaggerative opening of the canopy respective regeneration may promote
damage by the aphid Dreyfusia nordmannianae (Schröter et al., 2009).
c) Expensive plantings of silver fir should not take place close to road sides, logging
lines, or in other disturbed sites where alternate hosts are abundant. These sites should
be planted with non-host trees like European beech or Norway spruce.
d) Dense stands may prevent growth of herbaceous alternate hosts.
e) Selective pruning of infected branches may be meaningful, before cankers are going
to merge with stems. Too intensive pruning should be avoided since silver fir tends to
grow epicormic shoots, which may give entrance to new broom rust infections close to
the trunk.
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