sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi

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SDÜ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ 3.3. Relationships among Lophodermium Species Clade Ia includes Genbank sequences of L. pinastri from Europe on Pinus sylvestris and from Canada on P. strobus (Fig. 5). There are no Genbank sequences of clade Ib except for those derived from the native pinewood at Glen Affric (Scotland). Clade II includes Genbank sequences of L. pinastri from P. ponderosa in North America and from P. pinaster in New-Zealand. It also includes a different species of Lophodermium, L. kumaunicum, described from the Himalayas. Figure 5: Phylogenetic relationship between species of Lophdermium Chev. 21
4. DISCUSSION SDÜ Faculty of Forestry Journal Multigene genealogy and genetic marker analysis coupled with culture morphology data demonstrate that Pinus sylvestris in Scotland is colonized by five species of Lophodermium, four of which are endophytes. Isolates previously classified in a single taxon, L. pinastri, fall into three distinct species. At least one of these species, corresponding to clade II, is distributed worldwide. This clade includes Genebank entries given the name L. pinastri and more recently L. kumaunicum. Clade II of L. pinastri was previously classified as a subspecies in the phylogeny of Lophodermium published by Ortiz-Garcia et al. (2003). The present study has uncovered a greater diversity of endophytes than was previously known. Clarification of their taxonomy, and the ability to recognize the Lophodermium taxa on Scots pine in Scotland will allow us to compare the genetic diversity, gene flow and mating system of each species. Ultimately this will help us to understand the differences that exist and the interactions that occur between closely related pathogens and endophytes within Lophodermium. 5. ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to thank BBSRC and Forest Research for funding this project, Professor Mark Blaxter, Dr Graham Stone and Dr Martin Jones for their contribution in the phylogenetic analysis. 6. REFERENCES Arnold, A. E., Mejia, L. C., Kyllo, D., Rojas, E. I., Maynard, Z., Robbins, N., et al., 2003. Fungal endophytes limit pathogen damage in a tropical tree. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 100, 15649-15654. Carbone, I., Kohn, L.M., 1999. A Method for Designing Primer Sets for Speciation Studies in Filamentous Ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91, 553-556. Darker, G. D., 1967. A revision of the genera of the hypodermataceae, 45, 1399-1444. Diwani, S.A., & Millar, C.S., 1987. Pathogenicity of three Lophodermium species on Pinus sylvestris L. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 17, 53-58. Huelsenbeck, J.P., & Ronquist, F., 2001. MRBAYES: Bayesian inference of phylogenetic trees. Bioinformatics, 17, 754-755. Johnston, P.R., Park, D., Dick, M.A., Ortiz-Garcia, S., & Gernandt, D.S., 2003. Identifying pineinhabiting Lophodermium species using PCR-RFLP. New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science, 33, 10-24. Kirk, P.M., Cannon, F.P., Minter, W.D., & Stalpers, A.J., 2008. Dictionary of the Fungi 10th Edition (10th ed.). CABI Publishing. Larkin, M.A., Blackshields, G., Brown, N. P., Chenna, R., McGettigan, P. A., McWilliam, H., et al., 2007. Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0. Bioinformatics, 23, 2947. Minter, D.W., 1981a. Lophodermium on pines. Commonwealth Mycological Institute. 22
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Powdery Mildew Erysiphe hedwigii (L
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