sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi
sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi
sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi
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SDU Faculty <strong>of</strong> Forestry Journal<br />
Serial: A, Number: Special Issue, Year: <strong>2009</strong>, ISSN: 1302-7085, Page: 258<br />
STUDIES ON THE SIGNIFICANCE, CAUSAL AGENTS AND<br />
CONTROL METHODS OF DAMPING- OFF DISEASE IN FOREST<br />
NURSERIES OF AEGEAN AND LAKES DISTRICT<br />
H. Tuğba DOĞMUŞ LEHTİJÄRVİ 1* and Gülay TURHAN 2<br />
1 Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Forestry, 32260 Isparta, Turkey<br />
2 Aegean University, Faculty <strong>of</strong> Plant Protection, 35100, Bornova- İzmir, Turkey<br />
*tugba@orman.<strong>sdu</strong>.edu.tr<br />
The survey <strong>of</strong> containerized and bare rooted seedlings <strong>of</strong> Pinus brutia (Ten.),<br />
Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lamb.)Holmboe, Cedrus libani (A. Rich), Pinus<br />
pinea (L.) and Ailanthus glandulosa (Desf.) showed that damping- <strong>of</strong>f intensity<br />
was higher in the nurseries <strong>of</strong> Lakes District than that <strong>of</strong> Aegean District. The most<br />
prevalent fungi were found Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn.), Pythium<br />
spp., Alternaria spp. and Macrophomina phaseolina with the rates <strong>of</strong> 53, 19, 10, 10<br />
and 6 %, respectively.<br />
Five hundred fifty fungal isolates were collected from diseased seedlings and<br />
108 <strong>of</strong> them were tested for their pathogenicity. Total 283 fungi and 200 bacteria<br />
were isolated from natural forest soil and among them, Gliocladium virens,<br />
Trichoderma koningii, Penicillium ademetzi, Myrothecium verrucaria,<br />
Paecilomyces lilacinus, 2 Streptomyces and 3 unidentified bacteria were found to<br />
have strong antibiotic activity against the selected pathogenic isolates. Five<br />
fungicides, propomocarp, hymexazole, thiram, PCNB and propineb, were<br />
evaluated under in vitro against the antagonists. Antagonistic isolates showed a<br />
very high degree <strong>of</strong> sensitivity to the fungicides with the exception <strong>of</strong><br />
promomocarp and hymexazole.<br />
In vivo studies were carried out as biological, chemical and integrated control <strong>of</strong><br />
5 damping- <strong>of</strong>f pathogens on P. brutia and P. nigra. After soil infestation with<br />
pathogens, the fungicides were applied by soil drenching and the antagonist<br />
application was achived by seed coating. Propomocarp and hymexazole were<br />
found more effective than the other fungicides and gave the best results when they<br />
were used with the antagonists in combination.<br />
Key words: Pythium spp. , Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani,<br />
Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp., Chemical control, biological control.<br />
258
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