sdu faculty of forestry journal special edition 2009 - Orman Fakültesi

SDÜ ORMAN FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ
The genus Porodaedalea is comprised of a rather small number of species.
Nevertheless, the substrate specificity and exact distribution of each species are
poorly known due to the lack of microscopic characters suitable for exact
identification at the species level (Fischer, 1996). In Europe, two species are
traditionally recognized, Porodaedalea pini (Brot.) Murrill and Porodaedalea
chrysoloma (Fr.) Fiasson & Niemelä, with the former species restricted to Pinus
and the latter species restricted to Picea as specific hosts. A third species,
Porodaedalea laricis (Jacz. ex Pilát) Niemelä (Niemelä et al., 2005), is distributed
on Larix from the European part of Russia to Siberia and the Russian Far East and
is probably present in China (Dai, 1999). Fischer (2000) discovered this species on
a non-indigenous Larix trees in Southern Finland and proposed for it the new name
Porodaedalea niemelaei M. Fischer. This name has been synonymised with P.
laricis by Niemelä et al. (2005).
Indigenous stands of Larix decidua, Pinus cembra and Pinus mugo in the
mountains of Central Europe (Alps, High Tatras) are inhabited by species differing
from P. chrysoloma and P. pini (Černý, 1985; Fischer, 2000). These populations
may belong to P. laricis or an undescribed species. The name Phellinus vorax has
been applied to specimens from this region. However, the combination Phellinus
vorax is based on incorrectly published basionym Daedalea vorax Harkness.
Therefore, the name is unavailable, although it has been commonly used
(Breitenbach and Kränzlin, 1986). The fungus named Daedalea vorax, a Western
American species growing on Pseudotsuga menziesii, was later correctly described
as Phellinus gilbertsonii M.J. Larsen (Larsen, 2000).
Molecular taxonomy methods are frequently used as tools for the identification
of fungal taxa. Such methods as RFLP (Fischer, 1996) and sequencing of various
regions of nuclear ribosomal DNA (Fischer, 2000; Wagner and Fischer, 2002) have
been used to reveal the evolutionary relationships of the species. The sequence of
the ITS region of the ribosomal DNA also completes the neotypification of
Phellinus chrysoloma (Larsen and Stenlid, 1999). The aim of the present study is to
elucidate the identification of Porodaedalea specimens occurring in various parts
of Europe, using sequences of the ITS region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (ITS)
and of translation elongation factor 1 alpha (tefa). The study is focused mainly on
specimens that have been previously identified as Phellinus vorax.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
In total, 30 specimens of Porodaedalea were included in the study. Either
fungal cultures or herbarium specimens were used for DNA analyses.
DNA was isolated from dried fungal material or from fresh cultures that were
grown on Petri dishes with MEA medium (3% Malt extract, 0.5% peptone, 1.5%
agar; Himedia, Mumbai, India) using the PowerSoil DNA Isolation Kit (Mo-Bio,
Carlsbad, USA). PCR reactions were set up according to standard protocols,
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