A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

More documents

Recommendations

Info

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Breeding distribution of Spectacled Eiders 3 Figure 2. Long-term population trends for Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon- Kuskokwim Delta based on the North American Waterfowl Breeding Pair Survey and nest plots 4 Figure 3. Recent population trends for Spectacled Eiders on the Yukon- Kuskokwim Delta based on intensive aerial surveys and random ground plot sampling Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta locations of Spectacled Eiders based on aerial surveys 1988-1994 14 Figure 5. North Slope breeding range and point locations of Spectacled Eiders based on aerial surveys 1992-1993 15 Figure 6. Arctic Russia breeding range of Spectacled Eiders based on aerial surveys 1993-1994 16 Figure 7. Non-breeding distribution of Spectacled Eiders 17 Figure 8. Study sites and land status on the central coast of the YKD 22 Figure 9. Consequences of uncertainty in r, the population growth rate 31 Figure 10. Probability of making a classification error as a function of the difference between r and the classification threshold 32 Figure 11. A population of 2,000 pairs, declining at 5%/year, will reach the IUCN critical level of 125 pairs in just 55 years 35 vili
I. INTRODUCTION The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, calls for preparation of recovery plans for listed species that are likely to benefit from the effort, and authorizes the Secretary of the Interior to appoint recovery teams to prepare them. A recovery plan must establish recovery goals and objectives, describe site-specific management actions recommended to achieve those goals, and estimate the time and cost required for recovery. A recovery plan does not commit resources, but instead presents a comprehensive framework and list of tasks that are thought to be necessary to achieve recovery. This plan has been approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), but may not reflect the views of other parties involved in recovery. The Spectacled Eider Recovery Team currently consists of 7 members with a variety of expertise in Spectacled Eider (Somazeriafischeri) biology, conservation biology, population biology, marine ecology, Native Alaskan culture, and wildlife management. In addition to the core Recovery Team members, 4 consultants were appointed to assist the Team. The consultants brought to the Recovery Team expertise in Spectacled Eider field research, Alaska’s habitats and natural history, and extensive practical knowledge of Alaska field research techniques. The Recovery Team and its consultants met 8 times from May 1993 to December 1995, to develop recovery strategies and recommendations. During the development of the Recovery Plan, the Team solicited input from others with experience in Alaska waterfowl biology and management, and subsistence harvest practices and management. The Recovery Plan is comprised of four major sections: (1) Introduction: this section acquaints the reader with the Spectacled Eider, its status, and the threats it faces. It also serves as a review of the biological literature for the species. (2) Recovery: this section describes recovery objectives, criteria for delisting or for changing the status of Spectacled Eiders between threatened and endangered, the recovery strategy and its underlying principles, and actions or tasks needed to achieve recovery. These recovery tasks are presented in a narrative outline, organized by major topics, and laid out in an abbreviated, step-down outline for quick reference. (3) Implementation Schedule: this section presents the recovery tasks from the narrative outline in table format, assigns responsibilities for task funding and or implementation, and estimates the cost of the recovery program. (4) Appendices: Appendix I presents a Population Viability Assessment for the Spectacled Eider; Appendix II describes how the Recovery Team selected quantitative criteria for reclassifying Spectacled Eiders; Appendix III discusses Spectacled Eider demography and presents a demographic population model; Appendix IV outlines recommended protection measures for Spectacled Eiders; and Appendix V contains responses to reviewer comments. 1
Page 2 and 3: SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVERY PLAN Team
Page 4 and 5: LITERATURE CITATION U.S. Fish and W
Page 6 and 7: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF THE RECOVERY P
Page 8 and 9: TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER PAGE 1
Page 12 and 13: A. Status of the Spectacled Eider R
Page 14 and 15: ) a) j~ 25000 0 2 220000 C ~15000 ~
Page 16 and 17: B. Causes for Decline and Obstacles
Page 18 and 19: Increasing interest in avicultural
Page 20 and 21: Other conservation measures include
Page 22 and 23: D. Natural History of the Spectacle
Page 24 and 25: Figure 4. Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta loc
Page 26 and 27: DEL?A RUSSIA SPECTACLED EIDER RANGE
Page 28 and 29: helicopter surveys in the Prudhoe B
Page 30 and 31: geographic populations, because imm
Page 32 and 33: Figure 8. Study sites and land stat
Page 34 and 35: their diseases (e.g., Schiller 1954
Page 36 and 37: E. Distinct Population Segments The
Page 38 and 39: A final consideration involves info
Page 40 and 41: Trend data are analyzed to inform w
Page 42 and 43: Figure 10. A hypothetical posterior
Page 44 and 45: thresholds are not “magic numbers
Page 46 and 47: Criteria for Reclassifying from Thr
Page 48 and 49: Criteria for Delisting from Threate
Page 50 and 51: The final aspect ofSpectacled Eider
Page 52 and 53: concordance in their descriptions o
Page 54 and 55: data on both levels and effects oft
Page 56 and 57: implicated. In the absence of histo
Page 58 and 59: . - currently small size of the YKD
Page 60 and 61:
implementation of the Memoranda ofA
Page 62 and 63:
. take of Spectacled Eiders. In add
Page 64 and 65:
. AlS. Produce a handbook summarizi
Page 66 and 67:
. Bl.4. 1.3. Develop visibility cor
Page 68 and 69:
B2. 1.1. Implement YKD satellite tr
Page 70 and 71:
. Appendix Ill). Since epidermal ag
Page 72 and 73:
. feasible if post-fledging staging
Page 74 and 75:
presumed that their activities have
Page 76 and 77:
contaminants within Spectacled Eide
Page 78 and 79:
limited ability to withstand additi
Page 80 and 81:
surface after a year and is no long
Page 82 and 83:
. The reproductive stages (eggs, yo
Page 84 and 85:
is inadequate to sustain “normal
Page 86 and 87:
___________ 1967. The geese of the
Page 88 and 89:
Dementev, G.P., and N.A. Gladkov (e
Page 90 and 91:
___________ 1 964a. Observations on
Page 92 and 93:
Nelson, E.W: 1887. Report upon natu
Page 94 and 95:
________ P.R. Wade, R.A. Stehn, and
Page 96 and 97:
Robert M. Platte, Migratory Bird Ma
Page 98 and 99:
KEY Task Duration and Costs TBD - T
Page 100 and 101:
TASK 324.2 I 12.4.1 .2 PRIOR- — 2
Page 102 and 103:
TASK I — [37 E12 EI.3 fTYU —PRI
Page 104 and 105:
TASK PRIOR- Dj ITYU — — A12.3 2
Page 106 and 107:
— TASK U — 135.2 PRIOR- TASK DE
Page 108 and 109:
TASK U PRIOR- ITY U TASK DESCRIPTIO
Page 110 and 111:
TASK PRIOR. U — DS.3 3 TASK DESCR
Page 112 and 113:
The final risk factor is the effect
Page 114 and 115:
This PVA will treat two population
Page 116 and 117:
Both aerial surveys are conducted a
Page 118 and 119:
0.2 0.15 -j i 4 0.1 0 -I 0.05 0.08
Page 120 and 121:
emaining before the population reac
Page 122 and 123:
) critical population size; and (2)
Page 124 and 125:
40%. The population growth rate cri
Page 126 and 127:
Table 1-2. Results of simulation wh
Page 128 and 129:
Hilborn, R. and C.J. Walters. 1992.
Page 130 and 131:
APPENDIX II TECHNICAL DETAILS OF TH
Page 132 and 133:
The likelihood function for the par
Page 134 and 135:
initial sample. Then the O~ were re
Page 136 and 137:
LU ~0.8 z -J ~0.6 I-ET1 w107 480 m1
Page 138 and 139:
LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX LI De la
Page 140 and 141:
where x = age. The fertility rate i
Page 142 and 143:
of older females: (1) older females
Page 144 and 145:
RESULTS Solutions for single cause
Page 146 and 147:
0.1 0.08 ~0.06 4 0 0.04 0. 0.02 0 0
Page 148 and 149:
growth rate. Perhaps this can be mo
Page 150 and 151:
decline, by far the fastest way to
Page 152 and 153:
LITERATURE CITED APPENDIX In Bailli
Page 154 and 155:
APPENDIX IV SPECTACLED EIDER RECOVE
Page 156 and 157:
APPENDIX V COMMENTS RECEIVED ON DRA
show all

A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?