A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
A. Status of the Spectacled Eider - U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
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LITERATURE CITED<br />
APPENDIX In<br />
Baillie S. R. <strong>and</strong> H. Milne. 1982. The influence <strong>of</strong> female age on breeding in <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eider</strong><br />
Somai’eria mollissima. Bird Study 29:55-66.<br />
Caswell, H. 1989. Matrix Population Models,. Sinauer Associates, Inc. Sunderl<strong>and</strong>,<br />
Massachusetts.<br />
Cooch, F. G. 1986. The numbers <strong>of</strong> nesting Nor<strong>the</strong>rn <strong>Eider</strong>s on <strong>the</strong> West Foxe Isl<strong>and</strong>s,<br />
NWT, in 1956 <strong>and</strong> 1976. in <strong>Eider</strong> ducks in Canada. ed. A. Reed. Canadian<br />
<strong>Wildlife</strong> <strong>Service</strong>, 1141 route de l’~glise, Ste-Foy, Que, GlV 4115. Pages 114-<br />
118.<br />
Coulson, J. C. 1984; The population dynamics <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Eider</strong> Duck Somateria mollissima<br />
<strong>and</strong> evidence <strong>of</strong> extensive non-breeding by adult ducks. This 126:525-543.<br />
Franzmann, N. 1983. The migration <strong>and</strong> survival <strong>of</strong> an <strong>Eider</strong> Somateria m. mollissima<br />
population in <strong>the</strong> sou<strong>the</strong>rn Baltic. Ornis Fennica, Suppl. 3:73-74.<br />
Hario, M. <strong>and</strong> K. Selin. 1988. Thirty-year trends in an eider population: timing <strong>of</strong><br />
breeding, clutch size, <strong>and</strong> nest site preferences. Finnish Game Res. 45:3-10.<br />
Milne, H. 1974. Breeding numbers <strong>and</strong> reproductive rate <strong>of</strong> eiders at <strong>the</strong> s<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong><br />
Forvie National Nature Reserve, Scotl<strong>and</strong>. This 116:135-154.<br />
Reed, A. 1975. Migration, homing, <strong>and</strong> mortality <strong>of</strong> breeding female <strong>Eider</strong>s Somateria<br />
mollissi,na dressen <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> St. Lawrence estuary, Quebec. Ornis. Scan. 6:41-47.<br />
____________ 1983. <strong>Eider</strong> ducks in Ungava Bay: Case history <strong>of</strong> a joint research<br />
project by <strong>the</strong> Inuit <strong>and</strong> government. First Western Hemisphere Waterfowl <strong>and</strong><br />
Waterbird Symposium, Hugh Boyd, ed., pgs. 60-61.<br />
____________ <strong>and</strong> A. J. Erskine. 1986. Populations <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> Common <strong>Eider</strong> in eastern<br />
North America: <strong>the</strong>ir size <strong>and</strong> status. In A. Reed (ed.). <strong>Eider</strong> ducks in Canada.<br />
Canadian <strong>Wildlife</strong> <strong>Service</strong>, 1141 route de l’~glise, Ste-Foy, Que, G1V 4115.<br />
Pages 156-162.<br />
Stehn, R. A., C. P. Dau, B. Conant, <strong>and</strong> W. I. Butler, Jr. 1993. Decline <strong>of</strong> <strong>Spectacled</strong><br />
<strong>Eider</strong>s nesting in western Alaska. Arctic 46:264-277.<br />
Appendixm - Page 14